Dr. Stefano Pelli Profile

Dr. Stefano Pelli

Senior Researcher at Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara"

SPIE Involvement:

Author | Editor

Area of Expertise:

Integrated Optics , Glasses , Optical microresonators

Websites:

Company Website

Publications (103)

Proceedings Article | 28 September 2023 Presentation + Paper

Plasma torch produced Er3+ doped tellurite whispering gallery mode microresonator for lasing application

Snigdha Thekke Thalakkal, Davor Ristić, Gualtiero Nunzi Conti, Stefano Pelli, Gabriele Frigenti, Hrvoje Gebavi, Alessandro Chiasera, Mile Ivanda

Proceedings Volume 12665, 1266502 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2673407

KEYWORDS: Erbium, Glasses, Microspheres, Plasma, Luminescence, Whispering gallery modes, Microresonators, Ions, Telecommunications, Fabrication

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 2023 Presentation + Paper

Er3+ doped tellurite glass for whispering gallery mode microsphere laser production

Snigdha Thekke Thalakkal, Davor Ristić, Daniil Zhivotkov, Gualtiero Nunzi Conti, Stefano Pelli, Mile Ivanda

Proceedings Volume 12575, 1257506 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2666054

KEYWORDS: Microspheres, Plasma, Glasses, Erbium, Whispering gallery modes, Fabrication, Ions, Spectrum analysis, Signal detection, Multiplexers

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 2023 Presentation

Hybrid integration of monolithic microresonators

Gualtiero Nunzi Conti, Daniele Farnesi, Stefano Pelli, Silvia Soria, Simone Berneschi, Francesco Baldini, Pavel Cheben, Carlos Alonso-Ramos

Proceedings Volume PC12575, PC125750B (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2665652

KEYWORDS: Microresonators, Waveguides, Silicon photonics, Resonators, Silicon, Photonic crystals, Silica, Photonic integrated circuits, Metamaterials

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Proceedings Article | 17 March 2023 Presentation

Combining bulk resonators and integrated silicon photonics based on metamaterial engineering

Daniele Farnesi, Stefano Pelli, Silvia Soria, Gualtiero Nonzi Conti, Xavier Le Roux, Miguel Montesinos Ballester, Laurent Vivien, Pavel Cheben, Carlos Alonso Ramos

Proceedings Volume PC12407, PC1240704 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2654637

KEYWORDS: Resonators, Silicon photonics, Metamaterials, Optical fibers, Waveguides, Silicon, Silica, Signal generators, Reliability, Photonics

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Proceedings Article | 29 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

The Integral-Field Imager and Spectrometer for planetary exploration (ƒISPEx)

G. Filacchione, M. Tarabini, E. Mazzotta Epifani, M. Ciarniello, G. Piccioni, A. Raponi, B. Saggin, Z. Kanuchova, P. Palumbo, I. Guerri, A. Taiti, I. Ficai-Veltroni, M. Barilli, S. Pelli, F. Cosi, A. Galiano, M. Zambelli, D. Biondi, A. Boccaccini, F. Nuccilli, M. Giusti

Proceedings Volume 12188, 1218809 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2626982

KEYWORDS: Spectroscopy, Sensors, Objectives, Infrared spectroscopy, Imaging systems, Cameras, Asteroids, Telescopes, Infrared imaging, Infrared telescopes

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The ⨏ISPEx instrument is an innovative optical payload for planetary exploration which integrates a Color Camera and an Integral Field Spectrometer. The instrument uses a Three Mirror Afocal Telescope operating with a 2.4X beam reduction factor (input pupil diameter 84 mm, output pupil diameter 35 mm) to feed a collimated light beam to the camera's and spectrometers' entrance pupils. The FOVs of the two channels are aligned on a common boresight utilizing a beamsplitter and a dichroic filter. This solution, apart from saving mass by adopting a single telescope, allows operating the camera and imaging spectrometer in unison resulting in a great simplication of their operations. By selecting the polarization voltage applied to a Liquid Crystal Tunable Filter (LCTF) placed on the entrance pupil of the camera objective, it is possible to select the optical bandpass (between 0.42-0.73 μm) and the corresponding bandwidth (from 16 nm at 0.42 μm to 48 nm at 0.73 μm). This solution allows avoiding mechanical parts like in filters wheels while guaranteeing high spectral sampling. The camera optical design ensures a 3.3° x 1.6° FOV and an IFOV of 14 μrad corresponding to a spatial resolution of 0.14 m/px from a 10 km distance. The spectral channel is further divided in the VIS (0.4-1.05 μm spectral range, 3.2 nm/band sampling) and IR (0.95-5.0 μm, 8 nm/band) integral field imaging spectrometers. These channels use custom-made Coded Mask Optical Reformatters (CMOR) built from optical fibers bundles to collect the hyperspectral cube through a single acquisition. This innovative solution affords a great saving of the acquisition time with respect to instruments operating in whiskbroom or pushbroom mode. The FOV/IFOV are 0.4° (circular)/100 μrad and 0.28° x 0.28° (square)/225 μrad for the VIS and IR spectrometers, respectively. From a 10 km distance, the VIS spectrometer builds a 70 m-wide circular hyperspectral image made of 4000 pixels at 1 m/px resolution from 10 km distance; the IR channel acquires a 50x50 m image made of 484 pixels at 2.25 m/px. These requirements have been optimized for remote sensing of asteroids and comets from close distances but the instrument can be adapted also for other observation scenarios. In this respect, the ISPEx will offer the advantage to allow better exploitation of the data collected by the three channels resulting in a tremendous advantage for many scientific investigations. With this synergic approach, it will be possible to analyze high-resolution images to constrain morphology interpretation of a target, while hyperspectral data collected at the same time allow the retrieval of composition and physical properties. The availability of camera images makes it possible to apply sharpening algorithms to spectrometer ones. Apart from this, an integral-field spectrometer will keep the capabilities of more traditional whiskbroom and push broom spectrometers but it will overcome them when the target scene is rapidly evolving and changing during the acquisition: traditional instruments are limited by the fact that the cube acquisition process may take a time longer than the time scale of the investigated event. This is the case of observations enquiring into the dynamical evolution of planetary atmospheres, lightning events, outbursts, hyper-velocity impact, or fast-moving targets. By operating with fast readout detectors, an Integral Field spectrometer can adequately resolve the four dimensions of data (2D spatial, spectral and temporal) opening the possibility to perform time-resolved hyperspectral movies. Another substantial advantage of Integral Field spectrometers is their better operability during fast yby phases, where the distance from the target and illumination geometry are rapidly changing, resulting in limited periods suitable to observe the target with optimal conditions. By collecting the entire hyperspectral cube in a fraction of the time necessary to complete the scan for a traditional scanning spectrometer, an Integral Field spectrometer can reach a level of imaging exibility similar to the one achieved by a camera. Within this study, we are defining the configuration of the ISPEx5:0μm 0:4 space model operating in the 0.4-5.0 μm spectral range including optical performance analyses, and thermomechanical and electronic architecture. Moreover, we are realizing a development breadboard ISPEx1:0μm 0:4 limited to the 0.4-1.0 μm spectral range to conduct performance tests at the system level on LCTF and CMOR devices.

Proceedings Article | 5 March 2022 Presentation + Paper

Uniting micro-optics and integrated optics: a case study on bulk resonators

D. Farnesi, G. Frigenti, S. Pelli, S. Soria, S. Berneschi, F. Baldini, G. Testa, G. Persichetti, R. Bernini, P. Cheben, L. Vivien, X. Le Rouxe, C. Alonso-Ramos, G. Nunzi Conti

Proceedings Volume 12004, 120040G (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2610254

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Resonators, Silica, Polymers, Optical fibers, Glasses, Coating, Microresonators, Silicon, Metamaterials

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Proceedings Article | 6 April 2020 Presentation

Carbon ion microbeam fabrication of channel waveguide in tellurite glass (Conference Presentation)

Stefano Pelli, István Bányász, Edit Szilágyi, Istvan Rajta, Gyula U. L. Nagy, Gualtiero Nunzi Conti, Simone Berneschi, Vladimir Havránek, Vaclav Vosecek, Norbert Nagy, Zoltan Szabó, Miklos Veres, Adolfo Speghini, Giancarlo Righini

Proceedings Volume 11357, 113570X (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2555707

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Some materials present difficulties for the fabrication of channel waveguides with standard technologies. They may suffer incompatibilities with the physical or chemical processes required in one or more steps involved in the fabrication technology itself or in the standard patterning techniques. An experimental Er3+ doped tungsten-tellurite glass, which gets damaged by standard lithographic techniques is one of such cases. However, this glass is of great interest thanks to its excellent optical and spectroscopic properties, high refractive index (nbulk < 2.0 at 635 nm), low cut-off phonon energy and broad emission bandwidth for the erbium (< 60 nm) within the C band of optical telecommunications. We have therefore successfully demonstrated a novel method of fabrication, namely by focussed C4+ ion beam implantation (FIB). Relatively heavy and swift ions like the ones used in this experiment allow to change the material properties with fluencies even 10 times lower than those required when using light ions. The use of a focussed beam has also allowed us to directly write the channel waveguides on the sample, without the use of any lithographic procedure, which renders the whole process flexible and simpler. The Er3+ doped tellurite glass with 60TeO2–25WO3–15Na2O-0.5Er2O3 (mol. %) composition was prepared by melt-quenching technique. The FIB irradiations were carried out at the 3 MV Tandetron 4130 MC (High Voltage Engineering Europa B.V.) of the Nuclear Physics Institute AV CR, Řež, with 4–6 nA beam current, 1·1014-5·1016 ions/cm2 fluence and the size of the scanning beam was 8 μm × 12 μm. The as-implanted waveguides showed very high propagation losses, about 14-20 dB/cm at 1400 nm, outside the absorption band of Er3+. A stepwise (each step 30 minutes long) thermal annealing allowed to reduce losses. At 150 °C, propagation losses decreased to 1.5 dB/cm. At higher temperatures propagation losses rose again, but at 200 °C coupling losses decreased, so that the best insertion loss, about 5 dB, was measured at this stage. The near-field images showed that the waveguide was monomode up to 1540 nm and that the mode width does not vary significantly with increasing temperature, whereas the estimated depth of the waveguides shows a slight increase. In order to obtain more information about the structural changes caused by the ion beam irradiation, profilometry and Raman characterisation has been carried out on the channel waveguides and also these results will be presented at the conference.

Proceedings Article | 1 April 2020 Presentation

A SERS affinity bioassay based on ion-exchanged glass microrods (Conference Presentation)

Simone Berneschi, Cristiano D'Andrea, Ambra Giannetti, Marella De Angelis, Martina Banchelli, Andrea Barucci, Nadia Giovanna Boetti, Stefano Pelli, Francesco Baldini, Roberto Pini, Davide Janner, Diego Pugliese, Daniel Milanese, Paolo Matteini

Proceedings Volume 11361, 113610V (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2555817

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The well-known enhancement effect of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is associated with the presence of metallic nanostructures at the substrate surface. Different bottom-up and top-down processes have been proposed to impart the substrate with such a nanostructured layer. The former approaches are low cost but may suffer from reusability and stability. The latter strategies are expensive, time consuming and require special equipment that complicate the fabrication process. Here, we present the possibility to obtain stable and reusable SERS substrates by a low-cost silver-sodium ion-exchange process in soda-lime glass microrods. The microrods were obtained by cutting the tip of the ion-exchanged soda-lime fiber, resulting in disks of about few millimeters in length and one hundred microns in diameter. A thermal annealing post-process was applied to trigger the reduction of Ag+ ions into nanoparticles (AgNPs) within the ion-exchanged glass microrods. Afterwards, ion-exchange and thermal treatments were carefully tuned to assure the presence of silver NPs exposed on the surface of the microrods, without using any chemical etching. An AFM analysis confirmed the presence of AgNPs with size of tens of nm on the surface of the fiber probe. A SERS affinity bioassay was developed on the probe with the final aim of detecting microRNA fragments acting as biomarkers of different diseases. Specifically a DNA hybridization assay was built up by anchoring a molecular beacon containing a Raman tag on the Ag surface via thiol chemistry. Initial SERS experiments confirmed the presence of the beacon on the NPs embedded on the microrods surface, as monitored by detecting main spectral bands ascribed to the oligonucleotide chain. Finally, the ability of the platform to interact with the target microRNA sequence was assessed. The analysis was repeated on a number of miRNA sequences differing from the target to evaluate the specificity of the proposed assay.

Proceedings Article | 21 March 2019 Presentation + Paper

Cavity-ringdown-spectroscopy-based study of high Q resonators in add-drop configuration

Gabriele Frigenti, Mojtaba Arjmand, Andrea Barucci, Francesco Baldini, Simone Berneschi, Daniele Farnesi, Giancarlo Righini, Stefano Pelli, Silvia Soria, Ayda Aray, Yannick Dumeige, Patrice Féron, Gualtiero Nunzi Conti

Proceedings Volume 10904, 1090416 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2509997

KEYWORDS: Resonators, Waveguides, Sensors, Nonlinear optics, Optical resonators, Signal detection, Signal attenuation, Laser resonators, Fiber couplers, Laser sources

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Proceedings Article | 27 February 2019 Presentation + Paper

SiO2-SnO2 transparent glass-ceramics activated by rare earth ions

Lidia Zur, Lam Thi Ngoc Tran, Damiano Massella, Alessandro Vaccari, Andrea Chiappini, Alessandro Chiasera, Stefano Varas, Cristina Armellini, Alessandro Carpentiero, Brigitte Boulard, Dominik Dorosz, Stefano Pelli, Cosimo Trono, Simone Berneschi, Gualtiero Nunzi Conti, James Gates, Pier-John Sazio, Barbara Rossi, Erica Iacob, Victor Micheli, Giorgio Speranza, Gloria Ischia, Francesco Prudenzano, Anna Lukowiak, Daniele Zonta, Roberta Ramponi, Giancarlo Righini, Maurizio Ferrari

Proceedings Volume 10914, 1091411 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2507214

KEYWORDS: Rare earth doped glasses, Planar waveguides, Nanocrystals, Erbium, Crystals, Glasses, Photonics, Luminescence, Spectroscopy, Sol-gels

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Proceedings Article | 17 May 2018 Presentation + Paper

Glass based microresonators

S. Berneschi, F. Cosi, D. Farnesi, G. Frigenti, G. Righini, S. Pelli, S. Soria, F. Baldini, F. Prudenzano, G. Persichetti, R. Bernini, Y. Dumeige, P. Féron, D. Ristić, M. Ivanda, G. Nunzi Conti

Proceedings Volume 10683, 106830F (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2311459

KEYWORDS: Silica, Glasses, Microresonators, Resonators, Erbium, Coating, Optical spheres, Waveguides, Scattering, Light scattering

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Proceedings Article | 22 February 2017 Presentation + Paper

Glass and glass-ceramic photonic systems

Lidia Zur, Lam Thi Ngoc Tran, Marcello Meneghetti, Stefano Varas, Cristina Armellini, Davor Ristic, Alessandro Chiasera, Francesco Scotognella, Stefano Pelli, Gualtiero Nunzi Conti, Brigitte Boulard, Daniele Zonta, Dominik Dorosz, Anna Lukowiak, Giancarlo Righini, Roberta Ramponi, Maurizio Ferrari

Proceedings Volume 10106, 1010603 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254965

KEYWORDS: Sol-gels, Photorefraction, Rare earth doped glasses, Glasses, Ceramics, Photonics systems, Planar waveguides, Nanocrystals, Luminescence, Coating, Disordered photonic crystals, Waveguides, Erbium, Gas lasers, Ions, Annealing, Refractive index, Thin films

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Proceedings Article | 27 July 2016 Presentation

Localized immunoassay in flow-through optical microbubble resonator (Conference Presentation)

Simone Berneschi, Francesco Baldini, Alessandro Cosci, Franco Cosi, Daniele Farnesi, Gualtiero Nunzi Conti, Sara Tombelli, Cosimo Trono, Stefano Pelli, Ambra Giannetti

Proceedings Volume 9891, 98911M (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2227812

KEYWORDS: Resonators, Luminescence, Microfluidics, Biosensors, Spherical lenses, Glasses, Waveguides, Chemical analysis, Biosensing, Ultraviolet radiation

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The integration of the Whispering Gallery Modes (WGMs) resonators in a microfluidics platform represents an important feature towards the realization of a compact high performance label-free biosensor. These hollow resonant microstructures present the advantage to combine the WGM resonator properties with the intrinsic capability of integrated microfluidics. In this sense, optical microbubble resonators (OMBRs), intended as a hollow core spherical bulge realized in a glass microcapillary by a suitable fabrication process, with their high Q factors (< 107 in air) well satisfy this requirement. Their operation is based on the fact that, given a small enough wall thickness of the bubble, the WGM optical field extends on both sides of the wall, so that it is possible to couple light into the resonator from an outer waveguide, and at the same time to have interaction of the WGM field with the inner fluid and analyte. The biosensing mechanism of these devices is based on the WGMs morphological dependence: any change on the OMBR inner surface, due to some chemical and/or biochemical binding, causes a shift of the resonance position and reduces the Q factor of the OMBR. By measuring these changes, important information about the sensing capability of the device can be obtained. In order to develop an OMBR based biosensor and optimize its performance, a crucial step is represented by its chemical/biochemical functionalization. Here we present a novel technique able to guarantee that the chemical interaction occurs in the OMBR inner wall, leaving the other microfluidic parts completely inert from a biochemical point of view. The method is based on UV photoactivation, which allows to localize the biolayers only in correspondence of the OMBR inner wall. As a proof of concept, an immunoassay based on rabbit IgG/anti rabbit-IgG interaction was performed and. The anti rabbit-IgG antibody was labelled with Alexa Fluor 488 to verify, by a fluorescence characterization, the goodness of this procedure. Moreover, an anti mouse-IgG, labelled with the same fluorophore (Alexa Fluor 488) was used for specificity-tests of the IgG/anti-IgG interaction. The immunoassay based on fluorescence was characterized using an optical microscope (Zeiss AXIO inverted fluorescence microscope) working at the wavelengths of 470 nm for excitation of Alexa Fluor 488. The real time measurement of the resonance broadening after each functionalization step together with the high Q factor (< 105) measured after the IgG/anti-IgG interaction in water, gives a further proof for the method validity.

Proceedings Article | 22 April 2016 Paper

Localized biomolecules immobilization in optical microbubble resonators

S. Berneschi, F. Baldini, A. Barucci, A. Cosci, F. Cosi, D. Farnesi, G. Nunzi Conti, G. Righini, S. Soria, S. Tombelli, C. Trono, S. Pelli, A. Giannetti

Proceedings Volume 9727, 972719 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2213683

KEYWORDS: Resonators, Luminescence, Microfluidics, Biosensors, Capillaries, Microscopes, Silica, Ultraviolet radiation, Light emitting diodes, Optical microcavities

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Proceedings Article | 5 May 2015 Paper

Optical micro-bubble resonators as promising biosensors

A. Giannetti, A. Barucci, S. Berneschi, A. Cosci, F. Cosi, D. Farnesi, G. Nunzi Conti, S. Pelli, S. Soria, S. Tombelli, C. Trono, G. Righini, F. Baldini

Proceedings Volume 9506, 950617 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2180242

KEYWORDS: Capillaries, Resonators, Luminescence, Biosensors, Chemical analysis, Silica, Ultraviolet radiation, Microscopy, Optical microcavities, Microscopes

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 2014 Paper

Coupling light to whispering gallery mode resonators

D. Farnesi, G. Righini, A. Barucci, S. Berneschi, F. Chiavaioli, F. Cosi, S. Pelli, S. Soria, C. Trono, D. Ristic, M. Ferrari, G. Nunzi Conti

Proceedings Volume 9133, 913314 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057611

KEYWORDS: Resonators, Silica, Coating, Waveguides, Optical spheres, Fiber couplers, Refractive index, Polarization, Luminescence, Harmonic generation

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Proceedings Article | 8 March 2014 Paper

Ion beam irradiated optical channel waveguides

I. Bányász, I. Rajta, G. U. Nagy, Z. Zolnai, V. Havranek, S. Pelli, M. Veres, L. Himics, S. Berneschi, G. Nunzi-Conti, G. Righini

Proceedings Volume 8988, 898814 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2041697

KEYWORDS: Channel waveguides, Ions, Glasses, Ion beams, Crystals, Waveguides, Silicon, Refractive index, Phase contrast, Erbium

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Proceedings Article | 11 March 2013 Paper

Tailored spectroscopic and optical properties in rare earth-activated glass-ceramics planar waveguides

Davor Ristic, Thi Thanh Van Tran, Belto Dieudonné, Armellini Cristina, Simone Berneschi, Andrea Chiappini, Alessandro Chiasera, Stefano Varas, Alessandro Carpentiero, Maurizio Mazzola, Gualtiero Nunzi Conti, Stefano Pelli, Giorgio Speranza, Patrice Feron, Claire Duverger Arfuso, Gilles Cibiel, Sylvia Turrell, Khiem Tran Ngoc, Brigitte Boulard, Giancarlo Righini, Maurizio Ferrari

Proceedings Volume 8621, 86210M (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2008192

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Ions, Glasses, Ceramics, Luminescence, Nanocrystals, Coating, Microresonators, Quantum efficiency, Spherical lenses

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Proceedings Article | 6 March 2013 Paper

Single- and double-energy N+ - irradiated planar waveguides in eulytine and sillenite type BGO crystals

I. Bányász, Z. Zolnai, S. Pelli, S. Berneschi, M. Fried, T. Lohner, G. Nunzi-Conti, G. Righini

Proceedings Volume 8627, 862705 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2004563

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Ions, Crystals, Refractive index, Planar waveguides, Spectroscopy, Bismuth, Absorption, Ion beams, Physics

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Proceedings Article | 27 February 2012 Paper

High Q silica microbubble resonators

D. Farnesi, A. Barucci, S. Berneschi, M. Brenci, F. Cosi, G. Nunzi Conti, S. Pelli, G. Righini, S. Soria

Proceedings Volume 8264, 826417 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.910282

KEYWORDS: Capillaries, Resonators, Water, Refractive index, Optical microcavities, Electrodes, Silica, Bioalcohols, Sensors, Microfluidics

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Proceedings Article | 7 February 2012 Paper

Coupling approaches and new geometries in whispering-gallery-mode resonators

G. Nunzi Conti, A. Barucci, S. Berneschi, M. Brenci, F. Cosi, D. Farnesi, S. Pelli, G. Righini, S. Soria

Proceedings Volume 8236, 82360V (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.909596

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Resonators, Polishing, Lithium niobate, Capillaries, Silica, Optical spheres, Quantum efficiency, Integrated optics, Refractive index

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Proceedings Article | 7 February 2012 Paper

Spherical resonators coated by glass and glass-ceramic films

Davor Ristic, Andrea Chiappini, Alessandro Chiasera, Cristina Armellini, Alessandro Carpentiero, Maurizio Mazzola, Enrico Moser, Stefano Varas, Simone Berneschi, Gualtiero Nunzi Conti, Stefano Pelli, Silvia Soria, Giorgio Speranza, Lorenzo Lunelli, Cecilia Pederzolli, Francesco Prudenzano, Patrice Feron, Mile Ivanda, Gilles Cibiel, Giancarlo Righini, Maurizio Ferrari

Proceedings Volume 8236, 82361W (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.910104

KEYWORDS: Coating, Glasses, Microresonators, Spherical lenses, Ions, Waveguides, Luminescence, Ceramics, Sol-gels, Optical spheres

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Proceedings Article | 2 February 2012 Paper

Fabrication of barrier-type slab waveguides in Er3+-doped tellurite glass by single and double energy MeV N+ ion implantation

I. Bányász, Z. Zolnai, S. Pelli, S. Berneschi, G. Nunzi-Conti, M. Fried, T. Lohner, P. Petrik, M. Brenci, G. Righini

Proceedings Volume 8264, 826406 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.910706

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Refractive index, Ions, Glasses, Ion implantation, Planar waveguides, Spectroscopy, Optical amplifiers, Data modeling, Erbium

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Proceedings Article | 3 November 2011 Paper

Fiber optic nanoprobes for biological sensing

Andrea Barucci, Simone Berneschi, Franco Cosi, Gualtiero Nunzi Conti, Stefano Pelli, Franco Quercioli, Silvia Soria, Giancarlo Righini

Proceedings Volume 8011, 80118X (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.902801

KEYWORDS: Nanoprobes, Luminescence, Fiber optics, Fluorescence lifetime imaging, Optical fibers, Near field optics, Monochromators, Biosensing, Target detection, Confocal microscopy

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Proceedings Article | 21 October 2011 Paper

Characterization of planar waveguides fabricated by multiple sol-gel dip-coatings

F. Rey-García, C. Gómez-Reino, M. T. Flores-Arias, G. De La Fuente, W. Assenmacher, W. Mader, S. Berneschi, S. Pelli, G. Nunzi Conti, G. C. Righini

Proceedings Volume 8011, 80110R (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.902048

KEYWORDS: Sol-gels, Refractive index, Interfaces, Planar waveguides, Polarization, Waveguides, Transmission electron microscopy, Optical coatings, Ellipsometry, Multilayers

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Proceedings Article | 24 August 2011 Paper

Fabrication and characterization of confined structures for sensing and lasing applications

Sriram Guddala, A. Chiappini, G. Alombert-Goget, C. Armellini, M. Ferrari, Shadak Alee K., Narayana Rao D., A. Chiasera, E. Moser, S. Berneschi, G. Nunzi Conti, G. Righini, P. Féron

Proceedings Volume 8173, 817317 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.897908

KEYWORDS: Gold, Silica, Waveguides, Microresonators, Ions, Crystals, Raman spectroscopy, Spherical lenses, Photonic crystals, Nanoparticles

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 July 2011

Slab optical waveguides in Er³⁺-doped tellurite glass by N⁺ ion implantation at 1.5 MeV

Simone Berneschi, Massimo Brenci, Gualtiero Nunzi Conti, Stefano Pelli, Marco Bettinelli, Adolfo Speghini, István Bányász, Andrea Watterich, Miklós Fried, Tivadar Lohner, Péter Petrik, Nguyen Khanh, Zsolt Zolnai

OE, Vol. 50, Issue 07, 071110, (July 2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3559209

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Glasses, Ions, Refractive index, Annealing, Erbium, Ion implantation, Physics, Nitrogen, Temperature metrology

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 July 2011

Rare earth-activated glass-ceramic in planar format

Alessandro Chiasera, Guillaume Alombert-Goget, Maurizio Ferrari, Simone Berneschi, Stefano Pelli, Brigitte Boulard, Claire Duverger-Arfuso

OE, Vol. 50, Issue 07, 071105, (July 2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3559211

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Erbium, Crystals, Nanocrystals, Glasses, Ions, Lanthanum, Hybrid fiber optics, Luminescence, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 9 February 2011 Paper

Coupling of lithium niobate disk resonators to integrated waveguides

S. Berneschi, F. Cosi, G. Nunzi Conti, S. Pelli, S. Soria, G. Righini, M. Dispenza, A. Secchi

Proceedings Volume 7941, 79410U (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.876378

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Lithium niobate, Resonators, Crystals, Polishing, Semiconducting wafers, Integrated optics, Electro optics, Annealing, Polarization

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Proceedings Article | 9 September 2010 Paper

Interrogation of microresonators using multimode fibers

P. Caldas, P. A. S. Jorge, F. Araújo, L. Ferreira, G. Rego, J. Santos, S. Berneschi, F. Cosi, S. Soria, S. Pelli, G. Nunzi Conti

Proceedings Volume 7653, 76532P (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.866355

KEYWORDS: Multimode fibers, Scattering, Microresonators, Silica, Resonators, Light scattering, Optical fibers, Optical spheres, Sensing systems, Signal detection

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Proceedings Article | 18 May 2010 Paper

Frequency converter layers based on terbium and ytterbium activated HfO[sub]2[/sub] glass-ceramics

G. Alombert Goget, C. Armellini, A. Chiappini, A. Chiasera, M. Ferrari, S. Berneschi, M. Brenci, S. Pelli, G. Righini, M. Bregoli, A. Maglione, G. Pucker, G. Speranza

Proceedings Volume 7725, 77250W (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.855025

KEYWORDS: Ions, Energy transfer, Energy efficiency, Solar energy, Ytterbium, Quantum efficiency, Luminescence, Terbium, Glasses, Ceramics

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Proceedings Article | 18 May 2010 Paper

Characterisation of slab waveguides, fabricated in CaF2 and Er-doped tungsten-tellurite glass by MeV energy N+ ion implantation, using spectroscopic ellipsometry and m-line spectroscopy

I. Bányász, S. Berneschi, T. Lohner, M. Fried, P. Petrik, N. Khanh, Z. Zolnai, A. Watterich, M. Bettinelli, M. Brenci, G. Nunzi-Conti, S. Pelli, G. Righini, A. Speghini

Proceedings Volume 7719, 77190G (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.854624

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Refractive index, Glasses, Ions, Spectroscopy, Crystals, Ion implantation, Annealing, Data modeling, Spectroscopic ellipsometry

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Proceedings Article | 24 February 2010 Paper

Polymer-functionalized microspheres for immunosensing applications

S. Soria, F. Baldini, S. Berneschi, M. Brenci, F. Cosi, A. Giannetti, G. Nunzi conti, S. Pelli, G. Righini, B. Tiribilli

Proceedings Volume 7559, 75590W (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.841878

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Silica, Microresonators, Coating, Sensors, Resonators, Polymeric sensors, Atomic force microscope, Atomic force microscopy, Polymer thin films

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Proceedings Article | 12 February 2010 Paper

Highly photorefractive Eu3+ activated sol-gel SiO2-SnO2 thin film waveguides

S. Berneschi, S. N. Bhaktha, A. Chiappini, A. Chiasera, M. Ferrari, C. Kinowski, S. Turrell, C. Trono, M. Brenci, I. Cacciari, G. Nunzi Conti, S. Pelli, G. Righini

Proceedings Volume 7604, 76040Z (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.843210

KEYWORDS: Ultraviolet radiation, Waveguides, Silica, Refractive index, Sol-gels, Thin films, Glasses, Binary data, Ions, Wave propagation

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Proceedings Article | 20 May 2009 Paper

Coherent white light confocal fluorescence imaging and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy

Silvia Soria, Franco Quercioli, Raffaella Mercatelli, Federica Bianco, Ilaria Cacciari, Stefano Pelli, Giancarlo Righini

Proceedings Volume 7366, 73660R (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.821199

KEYWORDS: Confocal microscopy, Fluorescence lifetime imaging, Luminescence, Microscopy, Photonic crystal fibers, Dispersion, Microscopes, Light sources, Sapphire lasers, Visible radiation

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Proceedings Article | 20 May 2009 Paper

Er3+-activated photonic structures fabricated by sol-gel and rf-sputtering techniques

M. Ferrari, G. Alombert-Goget, C. Armellini, S. Berneschi, S. N. Bhaktha, B. Boulard, M. Brenci, A. Chiappini, A. Chiasera, C. Duverger-Arfuso, P. Féron, R. Gonçalves, Y. Jestin, L. Minati, E. Moser, G. Nunzi Conti, S. Pelli, D. Rao, R. Retoux, G. Righini, G. Speranza

Proceedings Volume 7366, 73660E (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.821697

KEYWORDS: Silica, Waveguides, Ions, Sol-gels, Erbium, Sputter deposition, Photonic crystals, Optical spheres, Fabrication, Planar waveguides

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The realization of photonic structures operating at visible and near infrared frequencies is a highly attractive scientific and technological challenge. Since optical fiber innovation, a huge of activity has been performed leading to interesting results, such as optical waveguides and planar lightwave circuits, microphotonic devices, optical microcavities, nanowires, plasmonic structures, and photonic crystals. These systems have opened new possibilities in the field of both basic and applied physics, in a large area covering Information Communication Technologies, Health and Biology, Structural Engineering, and Environment Monitoring Systems. Several materials and techniques are employed to successfully fabricate photonic structures. Concerning materials, Er³⁺-activated silica-based glasses still play an important role, although recently interesting results have been published about fluoride glass-ceramic waveguides. As far as regards the fabrication methods sol-gel route and rf sputtering have proved to be versatile and reliable techniques. In this article we will present a review of some Er³⁺-activated photonic structures fabricated by sol gel route and rf sputtering deposition. In the discussion on the sol-gel approach we focus our attention on the silica-hafnia binary system presenting an overview concerning fabrication protocols and structural, optical and spectroscopic assessment of SiO₂-HfO₂ waveguides activated by Er³⁺ ions. In order to put in evidence the reliability and versatility of the sol-gel route for photonics applications four different confined structures are briefly presented: amorphous waveguides, coated microspheres, monolithic waveguide laser, and core-shell nanospheres. As examples of rf sputtering technique, we will discuss Er³⁺-activated silica-hafnia and silica-germania waveguides, the latter system allowing fabrication of integrated optics structures by UV photo-imprinting. Finally, two examples of photonic crystal structures, one prepared by sol-gel process and the other one fabricated by rf sputtering deposition, will be illustrated.

Proceedings Article | 10 February 2009 Paper

Annealing effect on optical barrier in ion-implanted tellurite glass waveguides

S. Berneschi, I. Cacciari, G. Nunzi Conti, S. Pelli, G. Righini, I. Bányász, N. Q. Khanh, T. Lohner, P. Petrik, Z. Zolnai, M. Bettinelli, A. Speghini, L. Mescia, F. Prudenzano

Proceedings Volume 7218, 721807 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.811153

KEYWORDS: Annealing, Ions, Glasses, Waveguides, Refractive index, Spectroscopy, Temperature metrology, Nitrogen, Ion implantation, Ion beams

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 2008 Paper

Preparation and characterization of ZnO particles embedded in organic-inorganic planar waveguide by sol-gel route

A. Chiappini, C. Armellini, A. Chiasera, M. Ferrari, R. Guider, Y. Jestin, L. Minati, E. Moser, G. Nunzi Conti, S. Pelli, R. Retoux, G. Righini, G. Speranza

Proceedings Volume 6996, 699607 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.781197

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Zinc oxide, Refractive index, Planar waveguides, Luminescence, Sol-gels, Nanoparticles, Signal attenuation, Coating, Particles

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Proceedings Article | 5 February 2008 Paper

Nitrogen-ion-implanted planar optical waveguides in Er-doped tellurite glass: fabrication and characterization

I. Bányász, S. Berneschi, I. Cacciari, M. Fried, T. Lohner, G. Nunzi-Conti, F. Pászti, S. Pelli, P. Petrik, G. Righini, A. Watterich, Z. Zolnai

Proceedings Volume 6890, 68901A (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.768507

KEYWORDS: Refractive index, Waveguides, Glasses, Ions, Spectroscopy, Channel waveguides, Nitrogen, Data modeling, Ion implantation, Phase contrast

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Proceedings Article | 25 June 2007 Paper

Nanocomposite photonic glasses and confined structures optimizing Er3+-luminescent properties

C. Armellini, A. Chiappini, A. Chiasera, M. Ferrari, Y. Jestin, M. Mattarelli, L. Minati, M. Montagna, E. Moser, G. Nunzi Conti, S. Pelli, G. Righini, G. Speranza, C. Tosello

Proceedings Volume 6593, 65930L (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.723939

KEYWORDS: Erbium, Ions, Luminescence, Planar waveguides, Nanocrystals, Crystals, Waveguides, Nanocomposites, Glasses, Silica

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Proceedings Article | 2 March 2007 Paper

Channel waveguides fabrication in Er3+-doped tellurite glass by ion beam irradiation

S. Berneschi, M. Brenci, G. Nunzi Conti, S. Pelli, G. Righini, I. Bányász, A. Watterich, N. Khanh, M. Fried, F. Pászti

Proceedings Volume 6475, 647509 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.702085

KEYWORDS: Glasses, Channel waveguides, Erbium, Waveguides, Ions, Ion beams, Refractive index, Silicon, Absorption, Optical amplifiers

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Proceedings Article | 20 February 2007 Paper

Electric-arc-induced long period fiber gratings for gain equalization of erbium-doped optical amplifiers

I. Cacciari, M. Brenci, R. Falciai, G. Nunzi Conti, S. Pelli, G. Righini

Proceedings Volume 6469, 64690X (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.701961

KEYWORDS: Cladding, Modulation, Optical amplifiers, Fusion splicing, Refractive index, Diffusion, Optical filters, Erbium, Electrodes, Scanning electron microscopy

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Proceedings Article | 20 February 2007 Paper

Ceramization of erbium activated planar waveguides by bottom up technique

Y. Jestin, C. Arfuso-Duverger, C. Armellini, B. Boulard, A. Chiappini, A. Chiasera, M. Ferrari, E. Moser, G. Nunzi Conti, S. Pelli, O. Peron, R. Retoux, G. C. Righini

Proceedings Volume 6469, 646909 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.702057

KEYWORDS: Erbium, Nanocrystals, Ions, Waveguides, Planar waveguides, Luminescence, Crystals, Silica, Raman spectroscopy, Coating

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Proceedings Article | 28 April 2006 Paper

Benchmarking instrumentation tools for the characterization of micro-optics within the EC Network of Excellence on Micro-Optics (NEMO)

H. Ottevaere, N. Destouches, C. Gorecki, T. Kossek, S. Pelli, R. Piramidowicz, P. Szcepanski, M. Kujawinska

Proceedings Volume 6188, 618819 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.663888

KEYWORDS: Micro optics, Birefringence, Absorption, Microlens, Fiber Bragg gratings, Interferometers, Diffraction gratings, Photonics, Luminescence, Applied physics

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Proceedings Article | 20 April 2006 Paper

Homogeneous and nanocomposite rare-earth-activated glasses for photonic devices

M. Ferrari, C. Armellini, S. Berneschi, M. Brenci, A. Chiappini, A. Chiasera, Y. Jestin, M. Mattarelli, M. Montagna, E. Moser, G. Nunzi Conti, S. Pelli, G. Righini, C. Tosello

Proceedings Volume 6183, 61830P (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.664586

KEYWORDS: Erbium, Glasses, Ions, Luminescence, Planar waveguides, Silver, Waveguides, Absorption, Crystals, Raman spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 20 April 2006 Paper

Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ activated silica-hafnia planar waveguides for photonics fabricated by rf-sputtering

A. Chiasera, S. N. B. Bhaktha, M. Brenci, A. Chiappini, M. Ferrari, V. Foglietti, R. Gonçalves, Y. Jestin, A. Minotti, M. Montagna, E. Moser, S. Pelli, G. Righini, C. Tosello, K. Vishnubhatla

Proceedings Volume 6183, 61830O (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.664564

KEYWORDS: Erbium, Ytterbium, Waveguides, Ions, Planar waveguides, Hybrid fiber optics, Raman spectroscopy, Luminescence, Silica, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 20 April 2006 Paper

Er³⁺ activated silica-hafnia glass-ceramics planar waveguides

Y. Jestin, N. Afify, C. Armellini, S. Berneschi, S. N. B. Bhaktha, B. Boulard, A. Chiappini, A. Chiasera, G. Dalba, C. Duverger, M. Ferrari, C. Goyes Lopez, M. Mattarelli, M. Montagna, E. Moser, G. Nunzi Conti, S. Pelli, G. Righini, F. Rocca

Proceedings Volume 6183, 61831W (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.664610

KEYWORDS: Erbium, Crystals, Ions, Waveguides, Luminescence, Planar waveguides, Heat treatments, Optical amplifiers, Raman spectroscopy, Sol-gels

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Proceedings Article | 18 April 2006 Paper

Fabrication and optical assessment of sol-gel-derived photonic bandgap dielectric structures

A. Chiappini, C. Armellini, S. N. B. Bhaktha, A. Chiasera, M. Ferrari, Y. Jestin, M. Mattarelli, M. Montagna, E. Moser, G. Nunzi Conti, S. Pelli, G. Righini, V. Sglavo

Proceedings Volume 6182, 618223 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.663445

KEYWORDS: Optical spheres, Silica, Erbium, Photonic crystals, Particles, Scanning electron microscopy, Ions, Luminescence, Deposition processes, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 2 March 2006 Paper

Characterization of highly photorefractive and active silica-germania sputtered thin films.

S. Berneschi, M. Brenci, A. Chiasera, M. Ferrari, G. Nunzi Conti, S. Pelli, S. Sebastiani, C. Tosello, G. Righini

Proceedings Volume 6123, 61230G (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.642291

KEYWORDS: Erbium, Ytterbium, Waveguides, Absorption, Spectroscopy, Ions, Ultraviolet radiation, Refractive index, Luminescence, Thin films

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Proceedings Article | 28 January 2006 Paper

Optical and spectroscopic properties of a new erbium-doped soda-lime-alumino-silicate glass for integrated optical amplifiers

S. Berneschi, M. Bettinelli, M. Brenci, R. Calzolai, A. Chiasera, M. Ferrari, M. Matterelli, M. Montagna, G. Nunzi Conti, S. Pelli, S. Sebastiani, S. Siligardi, A. Speghini, G. Righini

Proceedings Volume 6025, 60251M (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.667070

KEYWORDS: Glasses, Erbium, Aluminum, Waveguides, Optical amplifiers, Ions, Integrated optics, Silver, Spectroscopy, Sodium

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Proceedings Article | 23 January 2006 Paper

Whispering gallery mode resonators for microlasers and microsensors

G. C. Righini, M. Brenci, A. Chiasera, P. Feron, M. Ferrari, G. Nunzi Conti, S. Pelli

Proceedings Volume 6029, 602903 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.667660

KEYWORDS: Optical spheres, Optical fibers, Glasses, Resonators, Erbium, Molecules, Silica, Sensors, Spherical lenses, Dielectrics

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Proceedings Article | 7 July 2005 Paper

Laser irradiation, ion implantation and e-beam writing of integrated optical structures

Giancarlo Righini, I. Banyasz, S. Berneschi, M. Brenci, A. Chiasera, M. Cremona, D. Ehrt, M. Ferrari, R. Montereali, G. Nunzi Conti, S. Pelli, S. Sebastiani, C. Tosello

Proceedings Volume 5840, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.609231

KEYWORDS: Laser induced fluorescence, Glasses, Waveguides, Crystals, Integrated optics, Ions, Channel waveguides, Thin films, Laser crystals, Electrons

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 May 2005

Simple approach to calculate the refractive index profile of ion-exchanged waveguides

Sergio Sebastiani, Simone Berneschi, Massimo Brenci, Gualtiero Nunzi-Conti, Stefano Pelli, Giancarlo Righini

OE, Vol. 44, Issue 05, 054602, (May 2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.1914802

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Refractive index, Glasses, Diffusion, Ions, Ion exchange, Planar waveguides, Silver, Sodium, Optical engineering

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2005 Paper

The effect of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Zn²⁺ on optical properties of Er³⁺ doped silicate glass

Martin Mika, Ondrej Kolek, Jarmila Spirkova, Pavel Capek, Simone Berneschi, Massimo Brenci, Gualtiero Nunzi Conti, Stefano Pelli, Sergio Sebastiani, Giancarlo Righini

Proceedings Volume 5723, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.590259

KEYWORDS: Glasses, Magnesium, Zinc, Erbium, Calcium, Optical properties, Silicate glass, Sodium, Waveguides, Oxygen

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2005 Paper

Spectroscopic properties of Er3+-activated Ag-exchanged silicate and phosphate glasses

Shivakiran Bhaktha, Roberto Calzolai, Andrea Chiappini, Alessandro Chiasera, Maurizio Ferrari, Yoann Jestin, Maurizio Mattarelli, Maurizio Montagna, Enrico Moser, Gualtiero Nunzi Conti, Stefano Pelli, Herve Portales, Desai Rao, Giancarlo Righini, Cristiana Tosello, Krishna Vishunubhatla, Jie Zheng

Proceedings Volume 5723, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.590344

KEYWORDS: Erbium, Glasses, Silver, Absorption, Nanoparticles, Ions, Annealing, Luminescence, Silicates, Heat treatments

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2005 Paper

Optical and spectroscopic properties of erbium-activated modified silica glass with 1.54 µm high quantum efficiency

Vincent Benoit, Shivakiran Narasimha Bantwal Bhaktha, Brigitte Boulard, Stephane Chaussedent, Andrea Chiappini, Alessandro Chiasera, Eugene Duval, Serge Etienne, Maurizio Ferrari, Bruno Gaillard-Allemand, Yoann Jestin, Maurizio Mattarelli, Maurizio Montagna, Andre Monteil, Enrico Moser, Gualtiero Nunzi Conti, Stefano Pelli, Herve Portales, Desai Rao, Giancarlo Righini, Krishna Chaitanya Vishunubhatla

Proceedings Volume 5723, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.590252

KEYWORDS: Glasses, Erbium, Absorption, Ions, Quantum efficiency, Refractive index, Spectroscopy, Silica, Luminescence, Raman spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 21 October 2004 Paper

Microsphere laser in Er3+-doped oxide glasses

Carole Arnaud, M. Boustimi, Massimo Brenci, Patrice Feron, Maurizio Ferrari, Gualtiero Nunzi-Conti, Stefano Pelli, Giancarlo Righini

Proceedings Volume 5622, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.589474

KEYWORDS: Glasses, Optical spheres, Erbium, Luminescence, Spectroscopy, Ions, Erbium lasers, Laser applications, Fiber lasers, Polarization

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Proceedings Article | 18 August 2004 Paper

Fabrication and characterization of optical planar waveguides activated by erbium ions for 1.5-µm applications

Alessandro Chiasera, Maurizio Ferrari, Luca Zampedri, Maurizio Mattarelli, Maurizio Montagna, Herve Portales, Cristiana Tosello, Sandra Dire, Stefano Pelli, Giancarlo Righini

Proceedings Volume 5451, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.549920

KEYWORDS: Erbium, Waveguides, Ions, Ytterbium, Planar waveguides, Luminescence, Raman spectroscopy, Hybrid fiber optics, Spectroscopy, Silica

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Proceedings Article | 14 June 2004 Paper

Er3+/Yb3+-codoped soda-lime silicate glasses: a case study

Simone Berneschi, Marco Bettinelli, Massimo Brenci, Roberto Calzolai, Alessandro Chiasera, Maurizio Ferrari, Gualtiero Nunzi Conti, Stefano Pelli, Sergio Sebastiani, Adolfo Speghini, Jie Zheng, Giancarlo Righini

Proceedings Volume 5350, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.530423

KEYWORDS: Glasses, Waveguides, Erbium, Ions, Silicate glass, Luminescence, Silver, Sodium, Absorption, Ytterbium

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