This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 11581 including the Title Page, Copyright information, and Table of Contents.

Wilga 2020 Summer Symposium on Photonics Applications and Web Engineering was the 46 th edition of the research and technical meetings series. Traditionally, the whole week lasting annual series of technical conferences and topical sessions was scheduled to be held on 26 May – 02 June 2020 in Wilga resort near Warsaw, owned by the Warsaw University of Technology. Nearly 150 participants took part in all of the Wilga 2020 events, most of them being young researchers active in all aspects of photonics, electronics and ICT science and technology. Wilga Symposium embraces also hardware and software technologies associated with photonics like optics, optical engineering, optoelectronics, electronics and electrical engineering, mechatronics, chemical and material engineering, applied physics, industrial solutions and applications. Around 100 papers were presented during Wilga 2020, oral and poster. Out of this number, over 50 are published in this volume of Proc. SPIE mostly related to photonics.

In this paper, we study the model electrical circuit containing a supercapactor. For solve the electrical circuit operation used fractional definition: the Caputo definition, Conformable Fractional Derivative (CFD) definition and combination of both definition of non-integer order containing fractional time derivatives the Conformable Fractional Derivative in Caputo sense. The state equation for a given electrical circuit has been developed. An electrical circuit model was built and were performed in three measurement series each with a different external resistance. The results of the electrical circuit with calculations using differential equations and the classical method were analyzed.

THERMINATOR model is a Monte Carlo event generator invented to study the statistical production of particles created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Its current description allows one to study the highest collision energies achieved by LHC and RHIC colliders. However, it is possible to adapt THERMINATOR model to lower energy spectrum as is studied in Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at RHIC. Femtoscopy of two particles investigates the properties of matter produced in heavy-ion collisions. Two-particle correlations use Quantum Statistics and the Final State Interactions which allow one to examine the space-time characteristics of the medium. For the first time we present single- and two-particle momentum distributions of identified particles from THERMINATOR model for BES energy spectrum. To verify how model predictions agree with experimental results, we compare transverse momentum distributions of pions, kaons and protons and correlation functions of identical pions in Au+Au collisions to the BES program results from the STAR experiment.

The pandemic crisis has significantly hindered the functioning of universities. The necessity to work remotely has disabled access to the hardware labs. In the teaching of embedded systems, the possibility of working with real hardware is really important. Fortunately, the embedded computer system itself may be efficiently emulated with QEMU. However, the problem may be the emulation of its environment, the I/O devices, especially those providing the user interface. This paper describes the methods to modify and use QEMU to emulate the real board used in the labs. It also discusses the advantages and limitations of such an approach. The elaborated methodology may be useful also after the pandemic, to support and improve teaching in normal conditions, e.g., by allowing students to perform at home the realistic experiments on emulated hardware.

Correlation femtoscopy allows one to study space-time structure and dynamics of strongly interacting nuclear matter created in high energy collisions. Two-particle correlations at small relative momentum use quantum statistics and final state interactions. From non-identical particle correlations one can obtain information about asymmetry in emission process between two kinds of particles. Such asymmetry can deliver information about which type of particles are emitted earlier and/or closer to the center of the source. One of the detector effects affecting the measured functions is the momentum resolution. It has an impact on the correlation functions for low relative momenta. This effect should be taken into account as the part systematic uncertainties. Theoretical studies, based on Therminator 2 model, on effect of momentum resolution correction on nonidentical particle correlation functions at Beam Energy Scan energies will be reported.

Femtoscopy is one of the methods to learn about properties of strongly interacting nuclear matter. Using it, information about space-time characteristics of the particle-emitting source can be obtained. The radii of source can be extracted from the analysis of the correlation functions of particles pairs with low relative momenta. High statistics data sets from RHIC have made it possible to study the strange particle correlations. The lightest strange particles are charged and neutral kaons. Kaons provide a cleaner probe of the particle-emitting region as compared to pions because they are less affected by resonance decays and have smaller cross section with hadronic matter. Thanks to these properties, kaon correlation functions can be sensitive to the early stage of the collisions evolution and also provide different information about particle-emitting source. In this report, one-dimensional correlation functions of charged and neutral kaon systems produced in Au+Au collisions at Beam Energy Scan energies measured by the STAR experiment at RHIC will be presented.

The approach to Video-Audio Emotion Recognition takes advantage of gaining additional information from multimodalites. Since the target features are time related without strict alignment in time, video-audio features become simply video features and audio features. Exploring toward such a goal, spectrogram as outstanding vocal feature in neural network solution is selected to get benefits of convolution filters. Inspired by solution of image captioning of LSTM where embedded words information and image information are spatially aligned, we perform embedding of the audio spectrogram and image sequences since time information is converted to spatial information in spectrogram. We propose both architecture and framework optimizing the alignment of the mentioned temporal features and we provide the analysis of the significant performance improvement along with the discussion of the Video-Audio Emotion Recognition general tasks.

The aim of this work is to give an overview of the latest literature concerning ship detection in single polarization synthetic aperture radar imagery. The study covers relevant literature published in the last 5 years and presents new development in ship detection. Different chapters of the article are devoted to developemnt in CFAR methods, CNN-based methods, GLRT-based methods, feature extraction-based methods and Weighted Information Entropy-based methods.

The theoretical analysis of the open electrodynamic system, which is a symbiosis of an open resonator and a segment of a rectangular waveguide, is carried out in the work. It is shown that the transverse dimensions of the waveguide made at the center of one of the mirrors of the open resonator are uniquely determined by the geometric parameters of the resonator and the working wavelength. In this case, the maximum efficiency of excitation of the main wave ТЕ10 in a rectangular waveguide with the help of the fundamental oscillation of the open resonator ТЕМ00q is 88%. As it turned out, in this case the normalized transverse dimensions of the waveguide are oversized, and the considered system can be used to measure the ultra-weak luminescence of seeds of grain crops.

The results of laser autofluorescence microscopy of the distribution of the intensity of the multidimensional laser autofluorescence (MLA) microscopy of polycrystalline structures of biological tissue preparations are presented. The data of a statistical analysis of the distribution of the magnitude of the intensity of MLA networks of biological crystals of histological sections of tissues of the spleen with the parenchymal morphological structure of the dead are presented.

The paper considers the technology of analysis of qualitative characteristics using spectroscopy in the near infra-red region, as well as the general approaches of applying NIR analysis to the study of the characteristics of biopolymers in real time. The possibility of separating the BIC analysis process into two subprocesses is substantiated, which will make it possible to make the analysis cheaper in the future.

The results of a statistical analysis of the distributions of the value of the fourth parameter of the Stokes vector (hereinafter the "phase parameter" – FP) of microscopic images of histological sections of kidney tissues with parenchymal morphological structure of the dead with varying degrees of blood loss are presented.

A function-based approach of object rendering based on perturbation functions and 3D textures with the use of graphics processing units is proposed. To generate the terrain and the control in levels of detail, the similar technique as that for color textures is used. A method of real-time rendering of 3D clouds is described. For this aim, it is proposed to form 3D textures by means of pre-processing of the inner cloud pattern and volume-oriented rendering.

In the paper was considered increase of processors performance for solution of image recognition and images analysis (IRIA) problems is very actual for applied mathematics and related branches of science and technology, where the progress is achieved by real-time scale (RTS). The paper presents the main developments of the authors in a such vital and immortal for functioning of Q-processors problems as organization, comparative analysis of QQ-transformation (QQT) structure an neurolike structure, completeness and sufficient of Q-characteristics decomposition, algorithms of image restoration from the set of its Q-characteristics, noise-immunity and information content of QQT, result of comparative mathematical modeling, etc. Which are suggested in a number of papers, however, the analysis, performed in our paper, of certain problems dealing with methodology of generalized Q-transformation. Extreme simplicity of hardware realization provides achievement of maximum possible parallelism of data processing at minimum values of energy consumption and dimension – weight characteristics.

In situations of failure of communication systems or lack of access to telecommunications infrastructure, it is necessary to use alternative solutions. One way is to use vehicles equipped with a variety of data transmission methods. An example of such a vehicle is the Mobile Distribution Point of ICT Infrastructure (MPDIT) which integrates modern and sophisticated ICT solutions. The vehicle is equipped with many different transmitting and receiving devices, however, the range of which is limited. One of the methods of increasing the range and reliability of communication links is the use of MESH networks. MESH nodes are carried by people, they create a dynamic structure, the functioning of which is possible even if some nodes stop working. The paper also presents a way to solve the problem of simultaneously ensuring high network throughput and large ranges by integrating two types of MESH networks.

The Simulation Training Platform of the PADO platform, STP PADO, is an innovative technical solution that allows for future system operators' demonstration and training. Its job is mapping modes of a real system through the availability of data from many different observing systems of Border Guard, BG. The primary function of the STP is to train and familiarize staff with optoelectronic technology adequately. The article discusses the proposed solution concept, hardware architecture construction, and STP training functionality. The idea is to give up the high and ego level of mapping the host system and appropriate efficiency and training capacity. The system assumptions correspond to the Table Top Trainer series simulator, TTT, in the client-server architecture.

The article formulated the basic requirements for a tracking system position of hand movement for tremor detection in three-dimensional space, using a touchscreen monitor. Execution of original dynamics tests on the touchscreen allows determining the trajectory of hand movement. The use of multi-colored markers circular shape on each finger and hand separately allows recording the coordinates of the points and deviation of its movement. Color markers are easily detected by computer vision algorithms. Color is used to separate the marker from the background, as well as to identify a specific marker of the finger from others. For segmentation of markers from the background, the segmentation method in the HSV space is used, which has advantages over segmentation in the RGB color space.

The following paper presents research materials were presented: structural-logical scheme for diagnosing the limitation of death (AD) using the method of azimuthally invariant Mueller-matrix microscopy of the layers of the vitreous body (VB); temporal dynamics of necrotic changes of Mueller-matrix images (phase Mueller-matrix invariant (MMI)) of CT layers of the deceased; size and ranges of temporal changes in the statistical moments of the 1st to 4th orders characterizing the size distribution of images of the phase MMI of the layers of the VB of the deceased; effectiveness and accuracy of determining the AD by the method azimuthally invariant Mueller-matrix mapping layers VB decease.

Dual-channel opto-electronic surveillance systems which operate in visible and infrared spectrum ranges are widespread. Their analysis and design needs suitable tools. A simplified physics-mathematical model of a dual-channel optoelectronic surveillance system was developed to determine energy resolution of the system. Noise equivalent brightness difference and noise equivalent temperature difference were used to define the ability of television and thermal imaging systems to detect objects. As an example of applying the model an algorithm of spectral channel selection depending on the conditions of surveillance was developed.

A brief overview of the photoplethysmographic method was given. The structural features of the skin and the principles of penetration of optical radiation into biological tissue depending on the wavelength were studied. Besides, the optimal wavelengths were determined to study the different layers of the skin. On the base of researches multispectral optoelectronic device to determine the state of the peripheral blood circulation was constructed.

The aim of the paper is to create a topological model for the detection and recognition of hidden optical surveillance systems. The model is based on fractal insights about the structure of the optical signal and determination of the fractal dimension intensity distribution in a cross-sectional plane of the laser pulse reflected from the target. It is shown that the approximation of the fractal dimension value to unity is a prerequisite to the target classification as an optical surveillance device. In order to classify the type of an optical device along with the fractal dimension the group of the fractal characteristics, consisting of the type of fractal signatures, the type of spatial spectrum and the values of spatial frequency that characterize the signal structure must be developed.

The paper describes a new design of the classical variable wavelength interferometer that uses a continuously tuned light source. In the presented solution there is no need to sequentially record the images. The fringe field analysis is based on a single image. It can be implemented in either transmitted or reflected-light modes. In this paper we demonstrate its usefulness in measuring optical elements like retarders. The key element of novelty consists in the fast analysis of the single interferogram, which enables the instrument to be used in an industrial environment.

The recent outburst in the popularity of the computational technology associated with a broad topic of data science results in a high and still growing accessibility of tools allowing one to make use of sophisticated machine learning algorithms without an expert-level knowledge in the field. Due to that, the usage of such mechanisms became widespread in many branches of business and science, where it helps to analyse large and/or complicated data sets in a relatively quick and efficient way, while obtaining highly accurate results. This paper briefly describes the preparation and evaluation of a solution based on these mechanisms and designed for the problem of particle identification in the HADES experiment at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe. The research was conducted with the usage of data coming from 1.23 AGeV Au+Au collisions in the HADES detector simulated using Monte Carlo methods of the GEANT toolkit. The next step will focus on applying the prepared solution to experimental data, but the development is still ongoing.

The following paper presents a basic analysis of charged pions produced in Ag+Ag collisions at 1.58 A GeV obtained during the March 2019 beamtime with the HADES experiment at GSI. Most of the results were achieved during author’s internship at GSI which took place between July and September 2019 and resulted in acquisition of charged pions multiplicities alongside with several different p_T vs. γ distributions. The analysis starts with the particle identification process based on β vs. p distribution. Subsequently, the acceptance times efficiency and purity corrections in a p_T vs. γ phasespace are introduced.

Heavy-ion collisions at energies of few GeV, delivering an information about highly compressed matter under conditions similar to those inside neutron stars, are characterised by very high nuclei stopping. In particular circumstances this phenomenon can lead to affection of source expansion and impeded particle reconstruction results. The HADES detector is a large acceptance spectrometer for fixed target collisions, operating with heavy ion beams of about 1-2A GeV kinetic energy, delivered by SIS18 accelerator. It was designed mostly for detecting dileptons, originating from light vector meson decays. The following paper presents an analysis of Au+Au collisions at 1.23A GeV, measured by the HADES experiment, performed in order to study a detector effects related to increased local phase space occupancy. For this purpose the azimuthal particle correlations ware was investigated. Their distributions have been studied in terms of deviations caused by occupancy-related effects, lading to creating a correction method, developed to overcome the data distortion.

The concept of the Innovative System for Detecting Hidden People in Transport (ISDHPT) is an attempt to create an innovative platform to increase the detection of illegal smuggling of people and unauthorized objects. For this purpose, various types of detectors will be integrated into the system: based on measurements in the terahertz band, the X-ray radiation band, and using a set of various chemical sensors. The proposed solution is a world-first that includes the fusion of data from terahertz cameras operating in different bands and different imaging modes, a set of different chemical sensors, and X-ray back-scatter sensors. The system will be used when carrying out checks on means of transport to detect people trying to cross the state border illegally. It is assumed that the system's implementation will improve the level of public safety by increasing the effectiveness of actions taken in the area of transport means control.

Synthesis of (Ag₂S)_x(As₂S₃)_1-x superionic glasses for x<0.2 are carried out. The spectrometric studies of optical absorption edge in (Ag₂S)_x(As₂S₃)_1-x glasses are performed in the temperature range 77-390 K. Optical absorption edge of (Ag₂S)_x(As₂S₃)_1-x glasses with addition of Ag₂S is strongly smeared and has an exponential shape.The influence of temperature and composition on the absorption edge behavior, parameters of optical absorption edge and electronphonon interaction as well as ordering-disordering processes in (Ag₂S)_x(As₂S₃)_1-x superionic glasses are studied.

The ALICE experiment is one of the main detectors at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Currently, the online/offline software of the experiment is being re-developed under the name O² as part of the ALICE upgrade aiming at an increased data-taking rate by a factor 100 compared to today. This includes the implementation of a new Analysis Framework for physics data analysis. The aim is to provide an efficient data processing with an object-like, user-friendly API, making it easier for the users to migrate from the old software framework and taking implicit advantage of vectorisation and parallelisation. The solution is based on Apache Arrow for data representation, allowing for integration with other tools like Python Pandas. Current progress and the advantages of the approach taken are presented.

The article discusses the problem of automating tree-ring growth measurements using a vision system. Imaging using the scatter method has been proposed, resulting in greater contrast. The article contains a description of the test stand and analysis of the measurement resolution. The filtration and segmentation algorithm has been described. Implementation problems were also discussed. Presented solution also applies to porous wood. The weak point of the proposed acquisition method is the imaging time and the need for relative movement between the optical system and the wood being imaged.

This paper describes successfully formed ohmic contacts to 4H-SiC with a view to their use in the technology of bipolar devices. The individual activities included in this investigation were divided into two main parts concerning n-type and p-type silicon carbide processing and different issues have been discussed in relation to that division. In the first part of the experiment titanium-based ohmic contacts to n-type 4H-SiC have been fabricated. The influence of annealing temperature within the range of 850-1100°C and the composition of working gases in RTP reactor on I-V characteristics and contact resistance have been examined. Furthermore, the effect of surface preparation by thermal oxidation of SiC substrate and removal of the oxide immediately prior to contact metallization deposition was investigated. The results obtained for the Si-face (0001) and C-face (000-1) of n-type 4H-SiC were compared. Further research concerns ohmic contacts formation to p-type 4H-SiC based on titanium-aluminum alloys. Four metallization compositions differing in the aluminum layer thickness (25, 50, 75, 100 nm) at a constant thickness of the titanium layer (50 nm) were examined. The structures were annealed within temperature range of 800°C - 1100°C and then electrically characterized. The best electrical parameters and linear, ohmic character of contacts were obtained for structures with Al layer thickness equal or greater then Ti layer thickness and annealing at temperature of 1000°C or higher. Circular Transmission Line Measurement (c-TLM) technique was adopted in both described cases to define a variation in contact resistance (R_c), transfer length (L_T), specific contact resistance (ρ_c) and sheet resistance (R_sh) between metal contacts and silicon carbide.

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment will be one of the major pillars of the FAIR experimental facility in Darmstadt, Germany. It will investigate to the area of QCD phase diagram at high baryon chemical potential describing e.g. dense nuclear matter created as a result of heavy ion collision. The following paper discusses the possibility of femtoscopic measurements of identical (p − p,Λ − Λ) and non-identical (π − p, π − K, K − p) particle combinations in the CBM experiment at FAIR. The paper briefly describes the CBM experiment. We will consider single- and two-particle momentum distributions, finally taking into account femtoscopic correlations describing properties of source sizes of order ∼ 10⁻¹⁵ m and times of order ∼ 10⁻²³ s, that cannot be accessed by any other experimental technique. The results were obtained from Monte Carlo data simulated for √^sNN = 10 GeV Au+Au collisions, reconstructed UrQMD data in the CBM detector.

The paper presents an overview of available camera and laser work geometries in vision systems used for 3D image acquisition. Parameters defining the vision system resolution are discussed, and analysis and limitations resulting from the adopted system geometry are presented. An imaging resolution analysis was presented for each of the presented geometries. Occlusion phenomenon and its impact on 3D image recording were also discussed. The summary of the work includes a comparison of resolutions for different geometries of the 3D vision system and a comparison of the impact of occlusion on the quality of the recorded image.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the application of AISA (Airborne Imaging Spectrometer for Applications) hyperspectral images for the classification of vegetation communities and Natura 2000 habitats of the Lower Narew Valley. The AISA Eagle data were acquired in 129 bands in the 400-970 nm range and 1 m spatial resolution. The provided data were previously radiometrically and geometrically corrected. During the pre-processing Minimum Noise Fraction transformation was done and first 20 bands were selected. Basing on field reference data received from the Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, the optimal method of determining training and verification polygons was determined. Using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm, the image was classified into 11 classes, including two Natura 2000 habitats - xeric sand calcareous grasslands (6120) and lowland hay meadows (6510). The classification result was verified using the reference data. The overall accuracy was equal 85.69% and Kappa coefficient 0.84. Then, a post-classification map of the studied area was prepared.

This article contains information about electromagnetic field that is emitted by mobile devices and their impact on human body. Another matter discussed in this article are the legal aspects of phones radiation and determination of absorption rate, SAR measurement standards and the correlation between smartphones upgrades and their radio performance. The main aim, of developing the technology of a device generating an electromagnetic field, with similar value to smartphone is to simulate feasible it, during the study of the vital functions of living cells and the impact of electromagnetic on them.

There is a set of methods for a cloud on sky detection. The common passive examination of cloud presence is realized with digital post-processing of picture that was taken with a device that enables full-sky photography. As the camera is set in automatic mode the results of examinations depends on lighting conditions. Therefore up-today critical real-time applications are supported with laser or microwave devices that generate specific probing beams. The common feature of the mentioned devices is the high cost of equipment. Thus, the development of a sensing device that consists of standard modules and is intended for real-time measurements of the movement of clouds at skyline has been initiated. Proposed sensing device construction bases on a matrix of photodiodes integrated in the VEML6040 chip. The measurement results of the VEML6040 are analyzed with camera pictures. Obtained results show that filtered first derivative of ratio of blue to whole spectrum signal can be used to set proper thresholds that generate automatically signal of cloud movement detection.

By measuring the momentum correlations of pions created in heavy-ion collisions we can gain information about the space-time geometry of the particle emitting source. Recent experimental results from multiple different collaborations demonstrated that to properly describe the shape of the measured correlation functions, one needs to go beyond the Gaussian approximation. Some studies suggest that the L´evy distribution could provide a good description of the source. While there are already many experimental results, there is very little input from the phenomenology side in explanation of the observed non-Gaussian source shapes. The EPOS model is a sophisticated hybrid model where the evolution of the newly-created system is governed by Parton-Based GribovRegge theory. It has already proved to be successful in describing many different experimental observations for the systems characterized by baryon chemical potential close to zero, but so far the source shape has not been explored in detail. In this paper we discuss studies of the pion emitting source based on the theoretical approach of the EPOS model.

ALICE is a detector designed to study strongly interacting matter at extreme temperatures and energy densities, where the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is formed, but it also allows one to perform unique measurements in proton– proton and proton–lead collisions. In these proceedings, we present a selected set of correlation measurements done by ALICE, in both heavy-ion collisions and in small collision systems. The results indicate that long-range correlations are present in pp and p–Pb collisions.The analysis of the collective behaviour in small and large collision systems could shed some light on the formation and evolution of the QGP.

The femtoscopic analysis of particles formed during heavy-ion collisions allows for estimation of space-time parameters describing the particle-emitting source. In addition, investigation of the correlation function leads to determination of the parameters describing interactions between two particles. The presented work concerns the femtoscopic study of interactions between charged kaons and protons measured by the ALICE experiment in Pb–Pb collisions with energy at the center of mass √^sNN = 5.02 TeV. One of the sources of interactions between particles is the strong force, which is poorly known for K⁻p and K⁺ p pairs. The presented analysis provides a unique way of estimating the scattering parameters that describe the strong force through the correlation function study. The analysis also allows to determine the femtoscopic radii, which describe the observed correlations at low relative momentum of both particles in Pb–Pb collisions.

ALICE is one of the four main experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), mainly focused on heavy-ion collisions in which the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) could be produced. One of the tools to study the properties of the QGP and the process of hadron production are two-particle angular correlations. These correlations are constructed by measuring differences in azimuthal angle (ΔΦ) and differences in pseudorapidity (Δη) between created particles. Two-particle angular correlation functions reported by the ALICE collaboration show a correlation between pairs of mesons for small angular differences. However, pairs of baryons are anti-correlated in short ranges of (Δη, ΔΦ), which is not predicted by any theoretical model. The presented work shows two-particle angular correlations in pp collisions measured by ALICE.

Thermal evaporation technique was used to deposit (Ga_0.1In_0.9)₂Se₃ thin films. The optical transmission spectra of (Ga_0.1In_0.9)₂Se₃ thin film were studied in the temperature range 77-300 K. Temperature behaviour of the Urbach absorption edge as well as the temperature dependencies of the energy pseudogap and Urbach energy were investigated. The influence of different types of disordering on the optical properties of (Ga_0.1In_0.9)₂Se₃ thin film was discussed. Optical parameters of (Ga_0.1In_0.9)₂Se₃ thin film and single crystal were compared.

The article discusses the construction of a vision-based system and software development intended for the location of objects and pick them using industrial robot. The PC base application enables: two-way communication between an industrial robot and an application, data acquisition from an industrial 3D scanner , measurement position and orientation of objects through use of 3D CAD matching, presentation of location results to the user. The paper describes the method of hardware integration, image acquisition method and measurement algorithms used in the implementation of measurements and course of application tests.

The article discusses the possibilities of an injection-molded element surface flatness quality control, using a 3D imaging system. The article describes various methods of measuring flatness. Finally, a 3D vision system was chosen to make the measurements. A surface scanner with structured light was used to collect the point cloud corresponding to the surface of the tested element. On the basis of the collected data the flatness of the upper surface of the element was measured. The results were then subjected to statistical analysis to determine the accuracy of the measurement method. The paper describes the data acquisition method, measurement algorithms, as well as the results of statistical analysis.

The article presents a method of designing an industrial illuminator for surface lighting for vision control and measuring systems. The first part of the article is devoted to the discussion of surface lighting methods using various types of industrial illuminators . Types of illuminators and vision system configuration enabling surface imaging are discussed. Then the method of designing the illuminator specialized for the selected inspection task in DIALux evo software is presented. As part of the project, an iterative design method is presented, individual stages of the project are discussed, and results obtained at individual stages are presented. The summary presents the illuminator design, the light field and its homogeneity in relation to the adopted design assumptions.

The results of experimental studies on application of selected simple machine learning (ML) methods for detection of atrial fibrillation (AFib) based on photoplethysmogram (PPG) are presented in the paper. The goal of the studies was to compare the performance of AFib detection using different ML algorithms in short PPG segments containing 32 consecutive cardiac cycles. Four parameters describing time series of interbeat intervals (IBI) were derived from the time domain Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and used as features for classification algorithms. Optimal values of metaparameters for all considered ML algorithms were experimentally determined. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and F1-score were then calculated to measure the quality of detection performance of each classification algorithm.

This paper presents results of verification of human subjects, using electroencephalography (EEG) signals taken from frontal electrodes. Although we performed examinations with a full EEG 10-20 montage system, we decided to assess the results obtained from different small sets of frontal electrodes to consider subset of electrodes which would have the performance in people verification system based on their EEG signals. Additionally, for reference, we included results achieved from all 19 electrodes. The sets of electrodes were chosen for their easy access and the possibility of using in commercially available EEG headsets or bundles. Over 700 examinations were collected from 36 healthy adults (almost 20 EEG sessions were recorded from each person). The first 15 examinations from each participant were used for training the feedforward neural network with the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation algorithm. For each person, the different neural network was created. In the next step, people were verified using these networks by means of statistical metrics evaluation. The metrics were calculated using examinations which were recorded on different days both for the training and testing sets. Thanks to this approach, we were able to exclude the impact of daily changes in EEG and to get closer to the actual use of such a system. In this preliminary study, we focused on spectral features of EEG signals, to investigate whether temporary changes would prevent people from being recognized. Due to the large dataset, this paper can be the introduction for further works on searching and selecting features that will allow verification and will be invariable in time.

The paper presents a LOFAR Beamforming Simulator software developed for simulation of beamforming which can be used for enhancement of radiolocation capabilities of radioastronomical LOFAR station in the context of its use for passive radiolocation. The great challenge of ongoing research on such use of LOFAR stations is to collect sufficient, real LOFAR data to analyze countless cases that can occur in passive radar scenarios. For this reason, simulation of various cases is the most efficient way to analyse and to ascertain what can happen if these cases occur in the future in real passive radar systems. The operation principles and capabilities of the LOFAR Beamforming Simulator are described in this paper. The comparison of simulated results with equivalent, real ones confirms the corectness of the designed software.

The article discusses the construction of a vision-based system and software development intended for the measurement of thread parameters. Measurement is realized by rotation mechanism and line scan camera to project side surface of thread to flat image. Vision program contain algorithm for detecting defect on thread. The paper describes the method of hardware integration, image acquisition method and measurement algorithms.

CBM (Compressed Baryonic Matter) is a future experiment at the FAIR facility. This detector will be dedicated to study the properties of hot and dense matter created during collisions of heavy ions. One of method applied to such studies is femtoscopy. Femtoscopy is a technique that uses two-particle correlations to get information about spatio-temporal size of the source that emits them. Two particle-correlations are very sensitive to the detector effects, therefore they might be used to optimize the structure of the detector and algorithms used for reconstruction of data. This paper discuss the performance of the CBM experiment in context of femtsocopic measurements. The document describes three main topics: software used for analysis, the criteria of data selection, and the precision of the femtoscopic measurements of π ⁻π ⁻ pairs in CBM.

This paper focuses on problem of locating IoT devices in open area. There are basically two location methods from the IoT implementation point of view: active and passive. Active methods work great if we have opportunities and resources to implement data exchange and location systems in usually small IoT devices. Passive methods could be more efficient on calculation and hardware basis for locating devices with their own low power radio signal, but without need of data transfer. Passive methods are discussed in this paper. Target is successfully reached when observer can locate object in reasonable distance. Another factor is overall cost of the system. Low cost software defined radios in combination with embedded computing platforms can capture signal and pass it to cloud services. Data processing is live operated to present location information with small latency. Two concepts of passive measurements are presented: measurement of amplitude and arrival time differences of signals obtained at three receivers. These two methods combined can possibly give opportunity to achieve results with a sufficiently small measurement error.

The article presents the subject of construction of positioners cooperating with industrial robots used in control and measurement systems. Solutions of this type are used for positioning and orienting objects in relation to the measuring system, e.g. a vision system, during the measurements. The method for controlling an industrial robot via the popular Arduino UNO R3 development board based on the ATmega328 microcontroller is described. The first part of the article briefly describes industrial robots and what tasks they can be used for. Then, the article focuses on the specific type of Kawasaki robot and how it was possible to establish a stable connection coupling the robot logic, the ATmega328 microcontroller and the system of two stepper motors, as well as how the control logic was built. The summary shows the advantages of the solution described in this article and the prospects for further development of the idea.

Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) system is a part of new accelerator complex (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility - NICA) located in Dubna, Russia. MPD to meet all functionalities and requirements needs designed another trigger system. That trigger system has two main task: first, responsibility for off-beam calibration of MPD subdetectors and second, identification and rejection of cosmic ray particles. Additionally, the system can be also used to observe cosmic showers initiated by high energy primary particles. To define in details requirements of the MPD Cosmic Ray Detector (MCORD), the consortium NICA-PL has been formed. In the consortium participate many polish scientific institutions. This paper presents an electronic readout system for the MCORD project. It briefly describes the data path of the signals and all signal processing subsystems: scintillators equipped with SiPM (Silicon Photo Multipliers) detector, AnalogFront End (AFE), HUB, and MTCA processing system.

The results of a complex statistical, correlation and fractal analysis of distributions of the magnitude of the real component of the elements of the Jones matrix polycrystalline films of biological fluids of different biochemical composition are presented. The magnitudes and ranges of changes in the set of statistical, correlation, and fractal moments of the 1st to 4th orders, which characterize the Jones-matrix images of dendritic, spherolithic, and combined networks of biological crystals, are determined. A classification system is proposed for the polarization manifestations of the optically anisotropic properties of such polycrystalline structures for the development of the principles for the differential diagnosis of pathological conditions of human organs.

One of the component of the Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) Complex being built in Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia is Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD). Its work is monitored and controlled by the Slow Control system. The electronic equipment of this system is placed in the racks located on the multilevel mechanical support construction. “The prototype dosimetry system to protect NICA Slow Control electronic equipment” project was started at the beginning of 2018. Its purpose is to design a prototype dosimetry system for continuous monitoring of the MPD Slow Control electronic devices to protect it against accidental ionizing radiation which can occur in case of the NICA failure or its abnormal functioning. The system will be fitted out with alarming features to inform the chosen persons about crossing a safe threshold of the radiation above which the electronics will be possibly destroyed by the irradiation. Afterwards, the controlled switching off of some the NICA Complex devices can be possible. The article describes the actual state of that system and the plans.

The AEgIS (Antihydrogen Experiment: Gravity, Interferometry, Spectroscopy) experiment aims to measure the gravity interaction of neutral antimatter. This can be achieved by observing the gravitational fall of an antihydrogen pulsed beam. The production and manipulation of an electrically neutral antimatter beam is a mandatory step to achieve the needed sensitivity. High precision is required to disentangle between different model predictions based on quantum gravity theories, where the gravitational coupling of antimatter could be violating the weak equivalence principle. Moreover, complementary measurements are proposed using the already available infrastructure. Antiprotonic atoms, where one antiproton replaces one electron, are of special interest. The simplest of these systems is the protonium, an atomic bound state between a proton and an antiproton. The excitation energy levels of the protonium directly reflect the contribution from both the electromagnetic and strong forces. Any observed deviation in the energy spectrum from the predictions from quantum chromodynamics and electrodynamics are signatures of new physics beyond the well established standard model of particle physics. Furthermore, other antiprotonic systems could be explored and provide complementary measurements to the gravitational fall of an pulsed beam of antihydrogen.

This article discusses the construction of a prototype of a platform that provides the integration of video signals from multiple sources. Video sources can be both existing CCTV systems based on analog cameras, modern systems based on IP cameras and individual cameras of various types. The system consists of portable units that provide signal conversion, its encoding, video streaming and transmission over IP protocols. A distributed and modular prototype of the VSI system was developed. The system consists of modular devices that integrate video streams, user terminals and central system. The VSI prototype provides simultaneous access to a large number of real- time video streams . The system is fully modular, which enables easy expansion of both hardware and software. The article presents the obtained architecture and exemplary operating results.

The project's main goal was to create an analytical service platform for forecasting crime, which can strengthen the ability to prevent and combat crime based on verifiable forecasts and optimize the use of available Police forces and resources. As in forecasting criminal events over time, future events are associated with a sequence of historical ones by time series of observational irregularly spaced data and other exogenous variables affecting crime, especially various factors related to the entire environment: natural, social, economic, legal, and political, to which the forecast is to affect crime level and structure. The development of sufficient crime threat data-based prediction models may require an appropriate combination of criminal event history, determining the risk level, and geographic data characterizing the areas for which the threat is predicted. The article presents the data-based methodology for crime forecasting system and exemplary operating results. The final evaluation was done to verify the forecasts obtained based on actual data for selected categories of crime, considering the optimization of the use of forces and resources and identify proposals for changes in the criminal policy.