Meteorological stations are facilities with measurement instrumentation and auxiliary equipment intended to measure a set of parameters. The main usages of such stations are weather reporting and forecasting. As meteorological stations are complex measurement systems, their siting area density is limited. In such locations, meteorological models or a set of local sensors are used for reading atmospheric parameters. So far, data transfer automation of local readings to meteorological databases as well as user reading of remotely collected data is well established. But, little information has been presented about automated verifying local measurement systems with meteorological models' use. Thus, this paper proposes applying the IoT method of remote accessing weather data models in classic local measurement systems equipped with a local sensor set. Investigations results confirmed the usability of local sensing device use in measurements of atmospheric conditions as temperature, pressure, and humidity, where required time resolution is greater than 30 minutes, as standard accessed meteorological data time resolution is 30 or 60 minutes. Automated meteorological verification of local sensor heads readings requires geographical position data like latitude, longitude. As atmospheric pressure information in meteorological models is presented at virtual sea level, height above sea level of local sensor is also required. Thus, the proposed and examined configuration of the IoT sensing device has to include a method that provides access to information on localization. This way, the proposed sensing device creates the possibility of sensing heads maintenance only to required situations.
There is a set of methods for a cloud on sky detection. The common passive examination of cloud presence is realized with digital post-processing of picture that was taken with a device that enables full-sky photography. As the camera is set in automatic mode the results of examinations depends on lighting conditions. Therefore up-today critical real-time applications are supported with laser or microwave devices that generate specific probing beams. The common feature of the mentioned devices is the high cost of equipment. Thus, the development of a sensing device that consists of standard modules and is intended for real-time measurements of the movement of clouds at skyline has been initiated. Proposed sensing device construction bases on a matrix of photodiodes integrated in the VEML6040 chip. The measurement results of the VEML6040 are analyzed with camera pictures. Obtained results show that filtered first derivative of ratio of blue to whole spectrum signal can be used to set proper thresholds that generate automatically signal of cloud movement detection.
There is a set of sensing devices for a cloud on sky detection. The common passive examinations of cloud presence are realized with digital post processing of picture that was taken with fish eye lenses. Therefore, results of examinations are delayed and information at skyline is degraded. The common examinations include also thermal image analysis or the active laser distant sensors adaptations. The common feature of these sensors is the high cost of equipment. Thus, sensing device constructions for real-time measurements of clouds taking place on the skyline have been examined. Examinations were performed at the same time with two sensing devices that include two different optical channels. The first sensing device, used as a laboratory reference, consists of two spectrometers Maya 2000 pro while mechanic module consists of a plate with large core optical fiber adapter and fiber optic collimator adapter. These adapters are used to fix collimator and an optical fiber that is connected to a proper spectrometer. The examination results enable to point relation of variation of cloud cover factor as variation in semi-stable band 440 nm and variation in an unstable band that extends to longer than 550 nm wavelengths. Therefore, the second device, aimed as a cost effective consist of two optoelectronic sensors type BH1750 and OPT101 that are connected by a mechanical adapter that includes optical filters to binoculars. These optical filters are 440 nm band pass and 550 nm long pass. The data obtained of examinations show that the second construction may be a base for further development of data processing algorithms for passive sensing device for a cloud on the skyline detection.
The common examinations of distant objects colors are realized with digital post processing of picture. Therefore, results of examinations are delayed. Consequently, real-time measurements of medium distance objects color taking place on the skyline have been examined. The medium distant objects that are under investigations are a different type of skyscrapers positioned at distant from 1 km to 3 km. Examinations were performed at the same time with two types of color sensors. These sensors are TCS3200 and VEML4060, they differ in dimensions, photonics characteristics and data transmission type. Therefore, to carry out the examinations, a standalone measurement system based on Nucleo64 board has been programmed. The data sampling ratio was 250/s. Sensors calibration was performed with the laboratory set-up consist of the specialized light sources, monochromator, fiber optic light divider and optical power meter. During medium-distant objects color examinations sensors were connected with monocular. Mentioned objects optical spectra characteristics were referred to data obtained with spectrophotometer use. Obtained results pointed that the use of an optoelectronic color sensor and a commonly available optical system with a fixed focal lens enables real-time measurements of objects’ colors located on the skyline. The VEML6040 sensor shows better agreement than TCS3200 with spectrometric characteristics of distant objects.
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