Fundamental electron dynamics at the attosecond frontier and their direct coupling to structural dynamics of matter yield novel insights into the energy-distribution and protection mechanisms of Nature. The angular-streaking technique has exclusively demonstrated its capability of obtaining the full time-energy structure of XFEL pulses with attosecond resolution directly in the time-domain, thus enabling XFELs to study electron dynamics from element-specific vistas and their importance as onset of subsequent structural dynamics. We will present latest advances of this technique together with first results from the 2022 EuXFEL atto-campaign and the complementary prospects of the FLASH 2020+ innovation project at DESY.
The ablation imprints method is a well-established approach to thoroughly characterising fluence distributions [J/cm2] of focused short-wavelength free-electron laser beams. For visible and near-infrared laser beams, fluence distribution of the focused beam can also be measured by other means, for example, by projecting a magnified image of the focal spot onto a camera. We studied the viability of the ablation imprints method in the visible and near-infrared spectral range and compared it to the above-mentioned conventional approach. Furthermore, we compared the effects of the X-ray, visible, and near-infrared radiation on the ablation damage. We characterised an X-ray astigmatic focused beam at the Small Quantum Systems instrument of the EuXFEL. At the Prague Asterix Laser System, we successfully characterised the focal spot at 438 nm. At 1315 nm, the ablation imprints method produced partially satisfactory results, and we compared these results with conventional methods. We conclude that the ablation imprints method can characterise focused laser beams in the visible and near-infrared spectral range.
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