Proceedings Article | 1 February 2014
KEYWORDS: Metamaterials, Atmospheric particles, Antennas, Atmospheric optics, Atmospheric modeling, Electromagnetism, Scattering, Radio optics, Receivers, Atmospheric propagation engineering
Demands by the communications industry for greater bandwidth push the
capability of conventional wireless technology. Part of the Radio Spectrum that is
suitable for mobility is very limited. Higher frequency waves above 30 GHz tend to
travel only a few miles or less and generally do not penetrate solid materials very well.
Unmanned Aerial System applications require electronic scanning antenna capabilities, in
challenging environmental conditions, over very large bandwidths. In addition to that, it
is desirable to have as much reduction as possible in size, weight, power and cost.
Metamaterials are recently being introduced by periodic repetition of some inclusions in a
host medium, which may be described as effective media characterized by a set of
equivalent constitutive parameters. Self-similarity in creating periodic structures is the
basis of building volume or 2D holographic components. The latter does more than
periodic repeats. Similar, but more advanced concepts (fractal in nature) are used to
model phase screens used in modeling the atmospheric turbulence.
Unfortunately, metamaterials (MTMs) are anisotropic (direction-dependent) and this
makes their application limited in terms of use as antennas for mobile platforms.
However, conceptually, controlled-anisotropy can be applied to make phased-arrays,
beam-forming, and beam scanning. This issue then begs the question of cost comparison
with conventional materials that can be found in nature, e.g., low-cost optics lenses, or
conventional RF scanning antennas.
As for lensing and fixed platform imaging, the story is very different, as super-lens is
expected to be a byproduct.
Nevertheless, even if metamaterials become readily available, the atmosphere around the
globe cannot be replaced. Neither, broadband wireless connectivity to a mobile can be
achieved via fiber optics.
This paper, presents a Hybrid radio-frequency (RF) and Wireless Optical solution to
provide adaptive sensing in an opportunistic fashion, with or without metamaterials. A
byproduct of the latter will be broadband and reliable global connectivity.
