KEYWORDS: Perovskite, Solar cells, Color, Photovoltaics, Optical filters, Reflectivity, Design and modelling, Thin films, Thin film solar cells, Standards development
Color aesthetics in photovoltaic modules are essential, especially in design-sensitive applications like building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). Distributed Bragg reflector-based color filters can modify the appearance of silicon solar cells. This study extends the aesthetic evaluation to emerging perovskite solar cells, typically gray-brown, by integrating them with a MorphoColor® color filter. We present simulated and measured angular resolved reflectance measurements and evaluate the color appearance from varied viewing angles. The used simulation environment is based on wave optics and raytracing. Next, we study the impact of individual layer parameters on the color appearance and the maximum achievable short circuit current density in the perovskite solar cell. Findings show that changes in color filter-perovskite interfacing layers influence the saturation and hue of the color impression as well as the angular color stability. Finally, we present initial concepts of optimizing the specific layer stack, demonstrating its potential to tailor a customized color design.
The MorphoColor concept makes use of multilayer and structure interaction for colored photovoltaic (PV) modules. The photonic effect, inspired by the Morpho butterfly's wing, is optimized to produce saturated colors, a high angular tolerance of the color appearance and to maintain a very high module efficiency. This concept, implemented on textured glass surfaces, has already been applied to integrated photovoltaic modules.
As a further development, we investigated implementing the MorphoColor interface on a polymeric film which then can be integrated into a PV module. This MorphoFlex concept enables twofold flexibility: for the production process as well as for curved modules.
We will present the process chain for the film structuring, coating and integration, first results on film and module level, and show demonstrators.
The MorphoColor concept for highly efficient colored solar modules aims to improve the acceptance of those modules in visible areas like roofs and facades. The core of the MorphoColor technology is the combination of a structured substrate with a spectrally selective reflecting layer stack. The work presented within this manuscript investigates the effect of using an aperiodic substrate structure whose characteristic feature size is in the same order of magnitude as the wavelength of visible light. Representative pseudo-aperiodic structures were arrangedusing rigorous coupled-wave analysis. By combination of these structures with a layer stack, a fully wave optical model of this realization of the MorphoColor concept could be established. The characteristic feature width and height have been varied in this model, resulting in lower limits for the efficacy of the concept in both parameters. For slanted incidence, a significant change of the reflected spectrum was observed. To explore this effect, a model representing infinite feature sizes was developed by independently combining the effects of a refractive system with equal properties to the one used within the first model and a plain layer stack. The comparison of results obtained from both methodes showed that the usage of small features leads to additional effects that can be attributed to the interaction of structure and layer stack. The magnitude of these effects increased with increasing incident angle on the surface and leads to a reduced spectral selectivity of the reflection.
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