This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 10612, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and Conference Committee listing.

All optical fields undergo random fluctuation and the underlying theory referred to as coherence and polarization of optical fields has played a fundamental role as an important manifestation of the random fluctuations of the electric fields. In this paper, we reviewed our recent theoretical and experimental work on the unified theory of polarization and coherence including coherence tensor wave, degree of coherence tensor, degree of generalized Stokes parameters, and their applications including coherence tensor holography and two-point resolution of polarimetric imaging.

A double-phase-ramp (DPR) converter is known as an element introducing the screw dislocation into an input beam with smooth wavefront, or increasing (decreasing) the topological charge of the input beam with optical vortex (OV). We study the features of the set of phase singularities (singular skeleton, SS) formed within the Laguerre-Gaussian beam LG₀⁴ after passage through the chargelowering DPR converter. The main attention is paid to the SS sensitivity to small transverse misalignments in horizontal, vertical and diagonal directions of the DPR converter with respect to the nominal centered position. The obtained results are compared with the SS characteristics typical for the case of perfect DPR alignment. It is shown that different OVs in the transformed field have different misalignment sensitivity. Conditions enabling especially high sensitivity of the separate OVs are revealed and discussed.

Optical vortex microscope is an optical system in which the beam illuminating the sample contains the optical vortex- a characteristic structure which contains a point of zero amplitude and undefined phase. Such a beam is very sensitive to the phase or amplitude defects which are introduced into it. In this paper we analyze experimentally the response of the optical vortex microscope to the small phase changes introduced into the beam.

Physical existence of the recently discovered vertical spin arising in an evanescent light wave due to the total internal reflection of a linearly polarized probing beam with azimuthal angle 45° is experimentally verified. Mechanical action, caused by optical force, associated with the extraordinary transverse component of the spin in evanescent wave is demonstrated. The motion of a birefringent plate in a direction controlled by simultaneous action of the canonical momentum and the transversal spin momentum is observed. The contribution of the canonical and spin momenta in determination of the trajectory of the resulting motion occur commensurable under exceptionally delicately determined experimental conditions.

The possibility of formation of the beam with edge dislocation, which is similar to the ТЕ₀₁₍₁₀₎ beam is considered. It is shown that such mode may be obtained due to the diffraction of plane wave on the complex Bragg hologram, constructed as composition of two grating recorded on the same place of registration media. These partial holograms are implemented as the gratings with constant period and close characteristics. The conditions of such operation are formulated. The experimental results are presented.

The theoretical model for calculating the optical forces caused by the density of spin and orbital momentum and optical torque, caused by the angular momentum typical for a circularly polarized beam or a circular component of an elliptically polarized beam, is presented. The total internal reflection at the “plate-air” interface implemented by the birefringent plate spattered with nanoparticles of gold creates the conditions for the allocation of the predominant action of the vertical spin of the evanescent wave, which has recently been predicted theoretically.

The superposition of two plane waves with different frequencies and different polarizations is considered. It is shown that electrical vector moves along complex trajectory, which is similar to the Lissajous figures. The characteristics of possible trajectories are analyzed. The results of computer simulation are presented.

The rise of singular optics is usually associated with the seminal paper by J. F. Nye and M. V. Berry [Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, 336, 165-189 (1974)]. Intense development of this area of modern photonics has started since the early eighties of the XX century due to invention of the interfrence technique for detection and diagnostics of phase singularities, such as optical vortices in complex speckle-structured light fields. The next powerful incentive for formation of singular optics into separate area of the science on light was connectected with discovering of very practical technique for creation of singular optical beams of various kinds on the base of computer-generated holograms. In the eghties and ninetieth of the XX century, singular optics evolved, almost entirely, under the approximation of complete coherency of light field. Only at the threshold of the XXI century, it has been comprehended that the singular-optics approaches can be fruitfully expanded onto partially spatially coherent, partially polarized and polychromatic light fields supporting singularities of new kinds, that has been resulted in establishing of correlation singular optics. Here we show that correlation singular optics has much deeper roots, ascending to "pre-singular" and even pre-laser epoch and associated with the concept of partial coherence and polarization. It is remarcable that correlation singular optics in its present interpretation has forestalled the standard coherent singular optics. This paper is timed to the sixtieth anniversary of the most profound precursor of modern correlation singular optics [J. Opt. Soc. Am., 47, 895-902 (1957)].

The paper presents principal approaches for diagnosing the structure of forming skeleton of the complex optical field. It is shown that intensity distributions which are smoothing by bicubic spline simulation allow to bring much closer to the solution of the phase problem to determine the localization of speckle-field special points.

In the phase retrieval applications, the Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm is widely used for the simplicity of implementation. This iterative process can advantageously be deployed in the combination with a spatial light modulator (SLM) enabling simultaneous correction of optical aberrations. As recently demonstrated, the accuracy and efficiency of the aberration correction using the GS algorithm can be significantly enhanced by a vortex image spot used as the target intensity pattern in the iterative process. Here we present an optimization of the spiral phase modulation incorporated into the GS algorithm.

Using of a “window” 2D Hilbert transform for reconstruction of the phase distribution of the intensity of a speckle field is proposed. It is shown that the advantage of this approach consists in the invariance of a phase map to a change of the position of the kernel of transformation and in a possibility to reconstruct the structure-forming elements of the skeleton of an optical field, including singular points and saddle points. We demonstrate the possibility in real time to reconstruct the equi-phase lines within a narrow confidence interval, and introduce a new algorithm for solving the phase problem for random 2D intensity distributions.

In the paper we propose a general approach to the calculation of the forming the intensity and polarization fields of the superposition of arbitrary coherent vector beams at points of a given reference plane. The method of measuring photometric parameters of a field, formed in the neighborhood of an arbitrary point of the plane of analysis by minimizing the values of irradiance in the vicinity of a given point (method of zero-amplitude at a given point), which is achieved by superimposing on it the reference wave with the controlled values of intensity, polarization state, phase, and angle of incidence, is proposed.

We prove the solvability of the Cauchy problem for a nonlocal heat equation which is of fractional order both in space and time. The representation formula for classical solutions for time- and space- fractional partial differential operator D^a_t + a² (-Δ) ^γ/2 (0 ≤ α ≤ 1, γ ε (0, 2]) and deviation time variable is given in terms of the Fox H-function, using the step by step method.

The paper describes the approach for identification of the spatial bandwidth of an optical system in the lateral and axial directions. This approach considers application of Huygens-Fresnel principle to obtain the integral for calculation of amplitude distribution near a focal point. The replacement of integration variables leads to identification of the limits of integration in a space of spatial frequencies. These limits are the spatial cutoff frequencies for amplitude distribution. Doubling these values produces the spatial cutoff frequencies for intensity distribution and it shows the same result as Abbe theory predicts. The proposed approach can be used for mathematical explanation why optical systems have limited spatial resolution and why the spatial harmonics with high frequencies can not pass through an optical system.

System-defined description of the functional structure of devices based on a level model of signal passage is proposed. We consider that such principles can be applied for the discipline "Theoretical instrument making" basics formation.

Heat and photochemical reactions with human hemoglobin and photosensitizer were monitored by holography interference method in gelatin phantom. The method has successfully facilitated monitoring the reactions as a highresolution refraction index mapping in real time video regime. Methylene Blue was exploited as a photosensitizer.

In this paper, we propose a direct-view digital holographic camera system consisting mostly of customer-oriented components. The camera system is based on standard photographic units such as camera sensor and objective and is adapted to operate under off-axis external white-light illumination. The common-path geometry of the holographic module of the system ensures direct-view operation. The system can operate in both self-reference and self-interference modes. As a proof of system operability, we present reconstructed amplitude and phase information of a test sample.

The features of the Talbot effect using the phase diffraction gratings have been considered. A phase grating, unlike an amplitude grating, gives a constant light intensity in the observation plane at a distance multiple to half of the Talbot length Z_T. In this case, the subject of interest consists in so-called fractional Talbot effect with the periodic intensity distribution observed in planes shifted from the position nZ_T/2 (the so-called Fresnel images). Binary phase diffraction gratings with varying phase steps have been investigated. Gratings were made photographically on holographic plates PFG-01. The phase shift was obtained by modulating the emulsion refraction index of the plates. Two types of gratings were used: a square grating with a fill factor of 0.5 and a checkerwise grating (square areas with a bigger and lower refractive index alternate in a checkerboard pattern). By the example of these gratings, the possibility of obtaining in the observation plane an image of a set of equidistant spots with a size smaller than the size of the phase-shifting elements of the grating (the so-called Talbot focusing) has been shown. Clear images of spots with a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio have been obtained for a square grating. Their period was equal to the period of the grating. For a grating with a checkerwise distribution of the refractive index, the spots have been located in positions corresponding to the centres of cells. In addition, the quality of the resulting pattern strongly depended on the magnitude of a grating phase step. As a result of the work, the possibility to obtain Talbot focusing has been shown and the use of this effect to wavefront investigation with a gradient sensor has been demonstrated.

Graphite/n-SiC Shottky diodes were prepared by means of the recently proposed technique based on the transferring of drawn graphite films onto the n-SiC single crystal substrate. Current-voltage characteristics were measured and analyzed. High quality ohmic contancts were prepared by the DC magnetron sputtering of Ni thin films onto cleaved n-type SiC single crystal substrates. The height of the potential barrier and the series resistance of the graphite/n-SiC junctions were measured and analysed. The dominant current transport mechanisms through the diodes were determined. There was shown that the dominant current transport mechanisms through the graphite/n-SiC Shottky diodes were the multi-step tunnel-recombination at forward bias and the tunnelling mechanisms at reverse bias.

In this article, the limiting characteristics of a digital optoelectronic processor are explored. The limits are defined by diffraction effects and a matrix structure of the devices for input and output of optical signals. The purpose of a present research is to optimize the parameters of the processor’s components. The developed physical and mathematical model of DOEP allowed to establish the limit characteristics of the processor, restricted by diffraction effects and an array structure of the equipment for input and output of optical signals, as well as to optimize the parameters of the processor’s components. The diameter of the entrance pupil of the Fourier lens is determined by the size of SLM and the pixel size of the modulator. To determine the spectral resolution, it is offered to use a concept of an optimum phase when the resolved diffraction maxima coincide with the pixel centers of the radiation detector.

Development of digital holography opened new ways of both transparent and opaque objects non-destructive study. In this paper, a digital hologram reconstruction process is investigated. The advantages and limitations of common wave propagation methods are discussed. The details of a software implementation of a digital hologram reconstruction methods are presented. Finally, the performance of each wave propagation method is evaluated, and recommendations about possible use cases for each of them are given.

We represent the results of numerical computations of the frequency and temperature domains of possible realization of internal optical bistability in flat quasi-two-dimensional semiconductor nanoheterostructures with a single quantum well (i.e., nanofilms). Particular computations have been made for a nanofilm of layered semiconductor PbI₂ embedded in dielectric medium, i.e. ethylene-methacrylic acid (E-MAA) copolymer. It is shown that an increase in the nanofilm's thickness leads to a long-wave shift of the frequency range of the manifestation the phenomenon of bistability, to increase the size of the hysteresis loop, as well as to the expansion of the temperature interval at which the realization of this phenomenon is possible.

The development of fully coherent free electron lasers and diffraction limited storage ring x-ray sources has brought to focus the need for higher performing x-ray optics with unprecedented tolerances for surface slope and height errors and roughness. For example, the proposed beamlines for the future upgraded Advance Light Source, ALS-U, require optical elements characterized by a residual slope error of <100 nrad (root-mean-square) and height error of <1-2 nm (peak-tovalley). These are for optics with a length of up to one meter. However, the current performance of x-ray optical fabrication and metrology generally falls short of these requirements. The major limitation comes from the lack of reliable and efficient surface metrology with required accuracy and with reasonably high measurement rate, suitable for integration into the modern deterministic surface figuring processes. The major problems of current surface metrology relate to the inherent instrumental temporal drifts, systematic errors, and/or an unacceptably high cost, as in the case of interferometry with computer-generated holograms as a reference. In this paper, we discuss the experimental methods and approaches based on correlation analysis to the acquisition and processing of metrology data developed at the ALS X-Ray Optical Laboratory (XROL). Using an example of surface topography measurements of a state-of-the-art x-ray mirror performed at the XROL, we demonstrate the efficiency of combining the developed experimental correlation methods to the advanced optimal scanning strategy (AOSS) technique. This allows a significant improvement in the accuracy and capacity of the measurements via suppression of the instrumental low frequency noise, temporal drift, and systematic error in a single measurement run. Practically speaking, implementation of the AOSS technique leads to an increase of the measurement accuracy, as well as the capacity of ex situ metrology by a factor of about four. The developed method is general and applicable to a broad spectrum of high accuracy measurements.

This paper reports optical properties of n-type SnS₂ thin films, prepared by spin-coating of a sol-gel based on the lowcost and environmentally friendly solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The effect of a short-term low-temperature treatment in air and final annealing under low vacuum (0.1 Pa) on the synthesis of tin disulfide films was tested and analyzed. The dynamics of changes of optical properties of the films on the parameters of spin-coating and heat treatment was established. The value of the band gap E_g ≈ 2.25 – 2.54 eV for Sn_S2 and E_g ≈ 1.99 eV for Sn₂S₃ was determined from the analysis of optical characteristics.

MoO_x/n-CdTe photosensitive heterostructures were prepared by the deposition of molybdenum oxide thin films onto three different n-type CdTe substrates (ρ₁=0.4 Ω⋅cm, ρ₂=10 Ω⋅cm, ρ₃=40 Ω⋅cm) by DC reactive magnetron sputtering. The height of the potential barrier and series resistance of the MoO_x/CdTe heterojunctions were investigated. The dominating current transport mechanisms through the heterojunctions were determined at forward and reverse biases.

The theory of phonon spectra in the three-layer anisotropic wurtzite-based nano-heretostructures with binary- and ternary compounds is developed using the dielectric continuum Loudon's model. The energy spectra of confined, interface, halfspace, and propagating phonons are obtained and analyzed. The ranges where the certain phonon modes exist are established depending on the concentration of Al in ternary compound AlGaN of three-layered nano-heterostructure (AlN/GaN/AlN/AlGaN/AlN).

The spectrum of three-level localized quasi-particle renormalized due to the interaction with polarization phonons is studied within the Feynman-pines diagram technique at cryogenic temperature. It is shown that in such system, besides the renormalized three main states, the complexes of bound states exist. Their properties are essentially different depending on the energetic distance between the starting levels, which are in resonance with the phonon energy or not.

Micrometer-sized vapor bubbles are formed due to local heating of the water suspension containing absorptive pigment particles of 100 nm diameter. The heating is performed by the CW near-infrared laser radiation. By changing the laser power, four regimes are realized: (1) bubble generation, (2) stable growth of the existing bubbles; (3) stationary existence of the bubbles and (4) bubbles’ shrinkage and collapse. The generation and evolution of single bubbles and ensembles of bubbles with controllable sizes and numbers is demonstrated. The bubbles are grouped within the laserilluminated region. They can be easily moved and transported together with the focal spot. The results can be useful for applications associated with the precise manipulation and the species delivery in nano- and micro-engineering problems.

The dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique was used for studying the processes of aggregation of spherical SiO₂ particles in various diethylene glycol (DEG) suspensions. The suspensions were studied in a cuvette, in a millimeter-sized droplet and in a micrometer-sized droplet. For the first time DLS signals for droplets of picolitre volume, levitated in an electrodynamic quadrupole trap, were obtained. It is shown that the correlation analysis of light scattered from a micro-droplet allows monitoring the changes of its internal structure, as well as its motions: trap-constricted Brownian motions and random rotations.

The present paper analyzes the сharge transport mechanisms and spectrometric properties of In/CdTe/MoO_x heterojunctions prepared by magnetron sputtering of indium and molybdenum oxide thin films onto semi-insulating p-type single-crystal CdTe semiconductor, produced by Acrorad Co. Ltd. Current-voltage characteristics of the detectors at different temperatures were investigated. The charge transport mechanisms in the heterostructures under investigation were determined: the generation-recombination in the space charge region (SCR) at relatively low voltages and the space charge limited currents at high voltages. The spectra of ¹³⁷Cs and ²⁴¹Am isotopes taken at different applied bias voltages are presented. It is shown that the In/CdTe/MoOx structures can be used as X/γ-ray detectors in the spectrometric mode.

The effect of temperature annealing on the shape of the ¹¹⁵In NQR spectra in InSe has been studied. It is shown that with a gradual reduction of annealing temperature the polytype composition of a layered crystal is stabilized, the number of defects and deformation stresses is reduced. On the basis of X-ray diffraction patterns and NQR spectra the character of the block structure of layered crystals is revealed.

We represent evaluating analysis of the feasibilities for controlling the properties of thermoelectric energy converters using EM radiation in the regimes of cooling, heating, electromotive force generation, or electric current generation. Thus we investigate the influence of optical radiation both on electric conductivity and thermo-electromotive force coefficient of thermoelectric materials. We also discuss promising applications for controlling the properties of thermoelectric energy converters using EM radiation. We represent the results of experimental study of positionsensitive energy converters in the regimes of electromotive force generation and the electric current generation (in part, photo-thermoelectric position-sensitive temperature detectors), position-sensitive photo-thermoelectric energy converters in the regimes of cooling, heating, parallel photoelectric and thermoelectric conversion of sun-light optical radiation into electric power.

Methods of investigation the polarization characteristics of certain types of polygraph paper were described. The most effective method for estimation of the characteristic features of optical heterogeneities of polygraph paper was proposed. The greatest sensitivity to the structural organization of optical heterogeneities of paper was observed for linearly polarized light beams with 90 degree polarization azimuth.

In this work changes of concrete reflection coefficient during its hydration were investigated theoretically and experimentally. Diffuse approximation method for concrete light-scattering description during hydration was used and its results were compared with received experimental data. Calculation of scattered and absorption sections for set of particles is described in details. Introduced optical diagnostics method allows performing earlier hydration stages diagnostics of concrete hardening process in comparison with other methods and predicting mechanical properties of produced concrete.

MoO_x thin films were deposited are deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different technological conditions. Structural, electrical and optical properties of the thin films were investigated. Temperature dependences of the resistance R of the MoO_x films were measured within the temperature range T ÷ 295-420 K. There was established that all samples under investigation had n-type of conductivity. Based on the dependences α² = f(hν ), the presence of direct allowed interband optical transitions in the MoO_x thin films is established and the optical band gap values are determined.

The results of statistical dependence and correlation structures of two-dimensional Mueller matrix elements in various spectral regions of laser radiation by changes in the distribution of orientations of optical axes and birefringence of protein crystals. Namely, a two-wave (“red-blue”) approach – layer of biological tissues irradiated by He-Ne laser (λ₁ = 0,63μm ) and He-Cd laser (λ₁ = 0,41μm )was used Conducted analysis of polarimetric sensitivity was made, a state of polarization points that contain volumetric structures of biological objects to spectral region of laser radiation was detected.

Optical properties of thin films cadmium chalcogenide produced by RF magnetron sputtering of preliminarily synthesized material are studied. Transmission and reflection coefficients are studied in a range from 0.4 to 1.1 μm. On the basis of the experiments of transmission and reflection coefficients the index of refraction and optical width of the bandgap of thin films under study are measured by the Swanepoel's method аnd method based on measuring of the transmission and reflection coefficients. It was found out that there are direct interzone optical transitions in the thin films under study.

In the framework of the modified for 3D-system and for surface (2D-system) of the Lifshitz-Slezov-Wagner theory, a comparison of the theoretically calculated size distribution with the experimental histograms of CdSe quantum dots was performed. Agreement of experimental histograms with theoretically calculated curves testifies the possibility of coarsening of quantum dots simultaneously by two mechanisms - diffusion and kinetics of transition to the interface of phases.

The regularities of change elements of the matrix transformation in scattering media from its optical-geometrical coordinates outside the geometric area of the beam were studied in present paper. On the basis of this investigation we can estimate that. In the coordinate system of the optical thickness along the direction beam propagation and in the orthogonal direction of light field in the scattering medium (outside the exploratory beam), the points with maximum values of the light beam intensity and the degree of linear polarization coincide with each other. Outside the beam geometric area, the increase of absorption in the medium leads to the decrease in the maximum of the total intensity from the optical thickness and the shift of the location of the maximum towards larger ones. Zone of the light beam from which the maximum intensity of the scattered light is realized has a clearly defined optical coordinate depending on the geometry of the experiment.

Structure and optical properties of thin films cadmium CZTS produced by RF magnetron sputtering of preliminarily synthesized material are studied. Transmission and reflection coefficients are studied in a range from 0.4 to 4.0 μm. On the basis of the experiments of transmission and reflection coefficients the index of refraction and optical width of the bandgap of thin films under study are measured by the method based on measuring of the transmission and reflection coefficients. It was found out that there are direct interzone optical transitions in the thin films under study.

The present study considers ab initio computer simulation of the light focusing through a complex scattering medium. The focusing is performed by shaping the incident light beam in order to obtain a small focused spot on the opposite side of the scattering layer. MSTM software (Auburn University) is used to simulate the propagation of an arbitrary monochromatic Gaussian beam and obtain 2D distribution of the optical field in the selected plane of the investigated volume. Based on the set of incident and scattered fields, the pair of right and left eigen bases and corresponding singular values were calculated. The pair of right and left eigen modes together with the corresponding singular value constitute the transmittance eigen channel of the disordered media. Thus, the scattering process is described in three steps: 1) initial field decomposition in the right eigen basis; 2) scaling of decomposition coefficients for the corresponding singular values; 3) assembling of the scattered field as the composition of the weighted left eigen modes. Basis fields are represented as a linear combination of the original Gaussian beams and scattered fields. It was demonstrated that 60 independent control channels provide focusing the light into a spot with the minimal radius of approximately 0.4 μm at half maximum. The intensity enhancement in the focal plane was equal to 68 that coincided with theoretical prediction.

Piezoelectric photoacoustics application possibility for concrete hydration stages determination has been analyzed. Cement sample placed on a transparent base was irradiated by laser beam. The acoustic signal from base transformed by piezoelectric converter into electric signal and through the amplifier moved in recorder device. The accent was on research and transient modelling with a pulse laser irradiation. Accent has been made to thermal conductivity measurement of cement during hydration process and its connection with hydration stages.

The investigation influence of selenium on the optical properties of thin films KZTS(Se) was carried out on spectrometer SF-2000 within the interval of wavelengths λ = 0.2 ÷ 1.1 μm. For measuring R attachment Pike was used. Basing on the dependencies α2 on the energy of incident electromagnetic radiation it was determined that in films the direct allowed interband optical transitions occur, and the value of the band gap was obtained.

The energy of ground state of electron, hole and exiton in quasi-two-dimensional semiconductor nanoheterostructure with quantum well (nanofilm) are calculated by using the dielectric continuum model, approximation of effective masses and Green’s function method. Dependence of these energies on nanofilms thickness and barrier material composition have been studied taken into account effects of quantum confinement, self-polarization of the heterojunction planes and interaction with warious branches of optical phonons in such nanohetrostructures. Specific calculation was made for nanofilm GaN embedded in barrier material Al_xGa_1-xN, both of him have wurtzite-type structure. It has been studied on this base the influence of changes of nanofilm thickness and barrier material composition on the spectral location the electron absorption edge and exciton peaks in such nanoheterostructures. The results of this study may be of practical interest, since excitons provide a sensitive indicator of material quality.

The results of an experimental study of the polarization characteristics of thin films based on aluminum nitride (AlN) are presented. It was found that an increase in the partial pressure of nitrogen (with the appropriate technology for producing the AlN film) leads to a substantial increase in the absorptivity of the film itself and a decrease in its linear dichroism parameter.

Polarization speckle is a rapidly developed field. Unlike laser speckle, polarization speckle consists of stochastic interference patterns with spatially random polarizations, amplitudes and phases. We have been working in this exciting research field, developing techniques to generate polarization patterns from skin. We hypothesize that polarization speckle patterns could be used in biomedical applications, especially, for detecting and monitoring skin cancers, the most common neoplasmas for white populations around the world. This paper describes our effort in developing two polarization speckle devices. One of them captures the Stokes parameters S_o and S₁ simultaneously, and another one captures all four Stokes parameters S_o, S₁, S₂, and S₃ in one-shot, within milliseconds. Hence these two devices could be used in medical clinics and assessed skin conditions in-vivo. In order to validate our hypothesis, we conducted a series of three clinical studies. These are early pilot studies, and the results suggest that the devices have potential to detect and monitor skin cancers.

Red blood cell (RBC) aggregation can be observed both in vivo as well as in vitro. This process is a cause of alterations of blood flow in microvascular network. Enhanced RBC aggregation makes oxygen and nutrients delivery difficult. Measurements of RBC aggregation usually give a description of the process for a sample where the state of a solution and cells is well-defined and the system reached an equilibrium. Incubation of RBCs in various solutions is frequently used to study the effects of the solutions on the RBC aggregation. The aggregation parameters are compared before and after incubation while the detailed changes of the parameters during incubation remain unknown. In this paper we have proposed a method to measure red blood cell aggregation during incubation based on the well-known technique where backscattered light is used to assess the parameters of the RBC aggregation. Couette system consisting of two cylinders is adopted in the method. The incubation is observed in the Couette system. In the proposed method following sequence of rotations is adapted. Two minutes rotation is followed by two minutes stop. In this way we have obtained a time series of back scattered intensity consisting of signals respective for disaggregation and aggregation. It is shown that the temporal changes of the intensity manifest changes of RBC aggregation during incubation. To show the ability of the method to assess the effect of incubation time on RBC aggregation the results are shown for solutions that cause an increase of RBC aggregation as well as for the case where the aggregation is decreased.

We represent here the theoretical justifications, block scheme and experimental sample of a new automated complex "Thermodyn" for remote contactless diagnostics of inflammatory processes of the surfaces and in subcutaneous areas of human body. Also we described here the methods and results of diagnostic measurements, and results of practical applications of this complex.

The aim of this study was to use the spectrophotometry method to develop a diagnostic algorithm for blood studies and the content of douglas deepening in women with ovarian tumors. A comparative analysis of the blood of healthy women and patients with ovarian cancer revealed significantly greater optical anisotropy of the latter. Qualitative studies of polarization microscopic blood images revealed a very developed microcrystalline structure. Based on the study of blood and puncture and douglas deepening of healthy women and patients with benign and malignant tumors of the ovaries, using the method of laser polarimetry, experimentally developed and clinically tested photometric and polarization criteria indicating the presence of malignancy of the tumor.

The work consists of two parts. In the first part - we mapped a distribution of optical activity and birefringence in polycrystalline networks of biological tissues. The Jones-matrix formalism is used for accessible quantitative description of these types of optical anisotropy. We demonstrate that differentiation of polycrystalline networks of biological tissues can be performed based on the statistical analysis of distribution of rotation angles and phase shifts associated with the optical activity and birefringence, respectively. In the second part we defined - practical operational characteristics, such as sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of Jones-matrix reconstruction of optical anisotropy were identified with the special emphasis on biomedical application, specifically for differentiation of two types of pathology: prolapse and albuminuria.

The paper consists of two parts. The first part presents short theoretical basics of the method of Jones-matrix mapping with the help of reference wave. It was provided experimentally measured coordinate distributions of modulus of Jones-matrix elements of polycrystalline film of bile. It was defined the values and ranges of changing of statistic moments, which characterize such distributions. The second part presents the data of statistic analysis of the distributions of matrix elements of polycrystalline film of urine of donors and patients with albuminuria. It was defined the objective criteria of differentiation of albuminuria.

The paper consists of two parts. The first part presents short theoretical basics of the method of Stokes-correlometry description of optical anisotropy of biological tissues. It was provided experimentally measured coordinate distributions of modulus (MSV) and phase (PhSV) of complex Stokes vector of skeletal muscle tissue. It was defined the values and ranges of changes of statistic moments of the 1st-4th orders, which characterize the distributions of values of MSV and PhSV. The second part presents the data of statistic analysis of the distributions of modulus MSV and PhSV. It was defined the objective criteria of differentiation of samples with urinary incontinence.

The paper consists of two parts. The first part is devoted to the short theoretical basics of the method of differential Mueller-matrix description of properties of partially depolarizing layers. It was provided the experimentally measured maps of differential matrix of the 2nd order of polycrystalline structure of the histological section of rectum wall tissue. It was defined the values of statistical moments of the1st-4th orders, which characterize the distribution of matrix elements. In the second part of the paper it was provided the data of statistic analysis of birefringence and dichroism of the histological sections of connecting component of vagina wall tissue (normal and with prolapse). It were defined the objective criteria of differential diagnostics of pathologies of vagina wall.

The paper consists of two parts. The first part presents short theoretical basics of the method of azimuthally-invariant Mueller-matrix description of optical anisotropy of biological tissues. It was provided experimentally measured coordinate distributions of Mueller-matrix invariants (MMI) of linear and circular birefringences of skeletal muscle tissue. It was defined the values of statistic moments, which characterize the distributions of amplitudes of wavelet coefficients of MMI at different scales of scanning. The second part presents the data of statistic analysis of the distributions of amplitude of wavelet coefficients of the distributions of linear birefringence of myocardium tissue died after the infarction and ischemic heart disease. It was defined the objective criteria of differentiation of the cause of death.

The paper consists of two parts. The first part presents short theoretical basics of the method of azimuthally-invariant Mueller-matrix description of optical anisotropy of biological tissues. It was provided experimentally measured coordinate distributions of Mueller-matrix invariants (MMI) of linear and circular birefringences of skeletal muscle tissue. It was defined the values of statistic moments, which characterize the distributions of amplitudes of wavelet coefficients of MMI at different scales of scanning. The second part presents the data of statistic analysis of the distributions of amplitude of wavelet coefficients of the distributions of linear birefringence of myocardium tissue died after the infarction and ischemic heart disease. It was defined the objective criteria of differentiation of the cause of death.

This work is devoted to the substantiation and selection of patients with ovarian cancer (OC) for the purpose of conducting expensive molecular genetic studies on genotyping. As diagnostic methods have been used ultraviolet spectrometry samples of blood plasma in the liquid state, infrared spectroscopy middle range (2,5 - 25 microns) dry residue of plasma polarization and laser diagnostic technique of thin histological sections of biological tissues. Obtained results showed that the use of spectrophotometry in the range of 1000-3000 cm^-1 allowed to establish quantitative parameters of the plasma absorption rate of blood of patients in the third group in different ranges, which would allow in the future to conduct an express analysis of the patient's condition (procedure screening) for further molecular-genetic typing on BRCA I and II.

The purpose of the study was to determine the histochemical and laser criteria for diagnosis of background, precancerous and endometrial cancer by the state of the cervical canal wall. The given data on the state of connective tissue in the endocervix can distinguish three differential prognostic possibilities: - prediction of the condition of the connective tissue of the endocervix of the normal endometrium without the possibility of differentiating the phases of the ovarian cycle; - prediction of the endocervix endotracheal connective tissue state of the endometrium as a separate process; - prediction for the condition of the connective tissue of the endocervix of the processes of expressed proliferation of the typical (glandular hyperplasia and glandular polyps) or atypical (adenocarcinoma) glandular first endometrial epithelial differentiation without the possibility of these processes among them. The stroke-scrape of the epithelium of the cervical canal (endocervix) allows the condition of the connective tissue to diagnose the processes of pronounced proliferation of the typical (hyperplasia, polyp) and atypical (adenocarcinoma) epithelium of the endometrium without the possibility of differentiating these processes among themselves.

The paper consists of two parts. The first part is devoted to the short theoretical basics of the method of differential Mueller-matrix description of properties of partially depolarizing layers. It was provided the experimentally measured maps of differential matrix of the 1st order of polycrystalline structure of the histological section of brain tissue. It was defined the statistical moments of the 1st-4th orders, which characterize the distribution of matrix elements. In the second part of the paper it was provided the data of statistic analysis of birefringence and dichroism of the histological sections of mice liver tissue (normal and with diabetes). It were defined the objective criteria of differential diagnostics of diabetes.

The paper consists of two parts. The first part presents short theoretical basics of the method of azimuthally-invariant Mueller-matrix description of optical anisotropy of biological tissues. It was provided experimentally measured coordinate distributions of Mueller-matrix invariants (MMI) of linear and circular birefringences of skeletal muscle tissue. It was defined the values of statistic moments, which characterize the distributions of amplitudes of wavelet coefficients of MMI at different scales of scanning. The second part presents the data of statistic analysis of the distributions of amplitude of wavelet coefficients of the distributions of linear birefringence of myocardium tissue died after the infarction and ischemic heart disease. It was defined the objective criteria of differentiation of the cause of death.

A fibroadenoma diagnosing of breast using statistical analysis (determination and analysis of statistical moments of the 1st-4th order) of the obtained polarization images of Jones matrix imaginary elements of the optically thin (attenuation coefficient τ ≤ 0,1 ) blood plasma films with further intellectual differentiation based on the method of “fuzzy” logic and discriminant analysis were proposed. The accuracy of the intellectual differentiation of blood plasma samples to the "norm" and "fibroadenoma" of breast was 82.7% by the method of linear discriminant analysis, and by the "fuzzy" logic method is 95.3%. The obtained results allow to confirm the potentially high level of reliability of the method of differentiation by "fuzzy" analysis.

In this paper, we present the results of a statistical analysis of polarization-interference images of optically thin histological sections of biological tissues and polycrystalline films of biological fluids of human organs. A new analytical parameter is introduced-the local contrast of the interference pattern in the plane of a polarizationinhomogeneous microscopic image of a biological preparation. The coordinate distributions of the given parameter and the sets of statistical moments of the first-fourth order that characterize these distributions are determined. On this basis, the differentiation of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the myocardium and the polycrystalline structure of the synovial fluid of the human knee with different pathologies is realized.

The morphological and anizotropy characteristics of the left ventricle false chordae tendineae of human heart in the aspect of their anisotropic properties using spectroscopic-polarization methods was studied. There are given the results of statistical correlation structure of the spectral dependence of the two-dimensional Mueller matrix elements and phase shifts of histological sections of different morphological structure and physiological state. The relationship between the distribution of orientations of the optical axes birefringent miozyn fibrils with a set of statistical moments that characterize the distributions of Mueller matrix elements in different spectral ranges and half-width corresponding autocorrelation functions are established.