We report holistic quantification of cutaneous microcirculation with spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) and coherent hemodynamics spectroscopy (CHS) based on a dynamic microcirculation PIPE model. A simple device was developed to induce periodic variations in cutaneous blood volume and flow velocity. Both baseline and dynamic features of cutaneous microcirculation for healthy subjects were completely quantified. The CHS findings were further related to SSMD-SFDI imaging of the same healthy subjects under reactive hyperemia protocol. The results demonstrate spatial frequency domain imaging and coherent hemodynamics spectroscopy based on the dynamic microcirculation PIPE model provides a valuable tool for functional studies with hemodynamic-based techniques.
Most cancers originate from epithelium, the top layer of mucosa. We report single-snapshot Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI) of mucosa with visible modulated light. A novel two-layer mucosa model enables the mapping of the total hemoglobin concentration, the oxygen saturation, the scattering characteristics of the top and bottom layers, and the thickness of the top layer from a single-snapshot. After validating with phantom studies, we demonstrate its applicability to the characterization of mucosa by imaging human mouth lips of healthy subjects. The proposed approach may find important applications in screening mucosa for early detection of cancer and other diseases.
We present Fermat single pixel camera for visible to SWIR biomedical imaging by encoding the spatial coordinate of the diffuse reflectance into different temporal modulation frequencies. The recovered reflectance spatial profile was then used to characterize the optical parameters of the specimen. The results from measurement on optical phantoms and biological tissues suggest Fermat single pixel camera can successfully quantify the optical properties over the visible to SWIR spectral range and may find valuable applications in imaging without a conventional camera.
We present a spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) study of local hemodynamics in the human finger cuticle of healthy volunteers performing paced breathing and the forearm of healthy young adults performing normal breathing with our recently developed Real Time Single Snapshot Multiple Frequency Demodulation – Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SSMD-SFDI) system. A two-layer model was used to map the concentrations of deoxy-, oxy-hemoglobin, melanin, epidermal thickness and scattering properties at the subsurface of the forearm and the finger cuticle. The oscillations of the concentrations of deoxy- and oxy-hemoglobin at the subsurface of the finger cuticle and forearm induced by paced breathing and normal breathing, respectively, were found to be close to out-of-phase, attributed to the dominance of the blood flow modulation by paced breathing or heartbeat. Our results suggest that the real time SFDI platform may serve as one effective imaging modality for microcirculation monitoring.
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