Water droplets are a highly abundant phase-change material to realize tunable optical lenses. We demonstrated for the first time that freezing mesoscale water droplets could be used as a tunable optical lens, such that freezing becomes an asset despite the low absolute values of the refractive indices of the shell and core materials and their optical contrast. It is shown that the dielectric shell of mesoscale water droplets in solid ice allows controlling both the maximum field intensity and the focus position of the formed photonic nanojet. The ice formation with air bubbles during the freezing of a water droplet is appropriate for a dynamic increase in the range of change of the focal position compared to solid ice. The proposed concept of a tunable spherical lens based on a freezing water drop can be used for microscopy and optical trapping in "green" mesotronics.
The scattering of polarized plane waves on a rotating spherical particle, especially the far-field characteristics, is studied based on the “instantaneous rest-frame” hypothesis and Minkowski’s theory. The influence of the rotating angular velocity on the scattering is emphasized and is expressed as the dimensionless parameter y. The effects of incident light polarization states and particle size parameter ka are investigated on this basis. Besides, the loss of particles is also introduced. Besides, the influence of material on the scattering characteristic of rotating particles is also a concern, and the particle loss is introduced. Related results have promising applications in the material property research and target detection fields. Furthermore, they can also be extended to planetary research and detection, which plays a vital role in exploring the mysteries of the universe.
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