Amid the rising demand for high-performance computing, photonic integrated circuits are increasingly overcoming the conventional two-dimensional barriers, transitioning toward more flexible multilayer structures. To fulfill this aim, we have engineered a wide-bandwidth, multilayer tunable power splitter that enables the transmission of information along the vertical direction while allowing for flexible allocation of optical power. The power splitter is constructed with an asymmetric coupler, complemented by a grating structure. The design of the coupler has been refined through optimization employing the particle swarm algorithm, while the grating structure has undergone optimization via the direct binary search algorithm. The simulation results indicate that the power divider can achieve proportional regulation from 0.285 to 3.5 across the 1400 to 1700 nm wavelength spectrum, with insertion losses (ILs) consistently below 0.34 dB. Significantly, the IL is <0.21 dB at a 1:1 power ratio. This compact, low-loss, high-bandwidth tunable power splitter was designed to offer a new idea for the multilayer integration of microchips.
Coupled resonant optical waveguide (CROW) gyroscope is an important type of integrated optical gyroscope based on Sagnac effect. However, the traditional CROW design method relying on empirical adjustment of parameters is deficient in achieving its best capability and the poor Sagnac effect of micro-scale devices leads to unsatisfactory performance of integrated devices. Therefore, the present study proposes a new approach to design CROW gyroscope by applying intelligent optimization algorithm (PSO: particle swarm algorithm) to design CROW gyroscope. Three aspects of work will be explored: Firstly, a new evaluation index is proposed to evaluate the efficiency of integrated optical gyroscope area utilization (EGA). Secondly, The performance limits for different losses and the accuracy limits and related parameters that can be achieved by increasing the resonator area at different losses are also explored. Finally, we designed theoretical performance (The angle random walk) up to 29.1𝑑𝑒𝑔/√ℎ and only 1mm × 1mm in size.
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