Our work proposes universal rules for simplifying the numerical design of phase metasurface, which alleviates the problem of lots of iterative calculations and low design efficiency due to the consideration of dispersion and phase distribution of materials and so on. According to the different effects of structure sizes and materials on metasurface, the parameters can be divided into two categories: one affects the 2π phase shifting mechanism and phase linearity, and the other affects the anomalous deflection performance of the device, such as bandwidth, reflection, and angle of emergence. Through the proposed design rules, the uncertain parameters can be reduced by more than 60%, greatly improving the numerical design efficiency. To verify the rules, we design several metasurfaces: the large angle deflector at 430 to 630 nm waveband and the broadband (more than 700 nm) high-efficiency reflective metasurface in the near-infrared, where the perfect 2π phase linearity is achieved at the communication wavelength 1550 nm. Moreover, we simply combine two trapezoids in one unit, so that the metasurface can be used as a beam splitter to verify the generality of the rules. The optimal conversion efficiency of equal power beam splitter is more than 95%, and the reflectivity is more than 0.85 at near-infrared. It is of guiding significance to the theoretical design of phase metasurface with excellent performance.
The metasurface is a nanodevice capable of manipulating the phase, polarization, and amplitude of incident light, and it can be applied in many optical devices. However, there is always a problem with metasurface devices: the fixed operating wavelength. An anisotropic gradient metasurface composed of periodic arrangement of differently sized tellurium posts resting on the sapphire substrate is proposed. The metasurface can exhibit efficient beam deflection under x- and y-polarized incidences, but the operating wavebands are different for the two polarizations. When the x-polarized light is normally incident, the diffraction efficiency remains higher than 95% within the wavelength region from 7140 to 7260 nm. The diffraction efficiency remains higher than 95% within the wavelength region from 7840 to 7940 nm under the y-polarized incidence. Furthermore, the proposed metasurface can act as a polarizer in the +1 diffraction order direction within the wavelength region from 6460 to 6760 nm. We hope that the proposed metasurface can play an important role in future free-space optical devices.
In this paper, we propose an anisotropic dual-band phase gradient metasurface in the infrared region based on tellurium material, which exhibits strong birefringence for z-cut. The refractive index of ordinary light no and extraordinary light ne are along the x- and y-direction of the metasurface, respectively. When a plane wave polarized along the x-direction is normally incident on the metasurface, the diffraction efficiency, which is defined as power of the deflected beam in the desired +1 diffraction order normalized to total transmission power, keeps higher than 95% within the wavelength from 7140nm to 7260nm, meanwhile the total transmission efficiency remains above 78%. On the other hand, the diffraction and total transmission efficiencies keep higher than 95% and 65% within wavelength range from 7840nm to 7940nm for the y-polarized illumination. The metasurface can be applied into polarization splitter, spectral beam splitter, and more in the future.
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