Many techniques using high frequency modulation have been proposed to reduce the effects of 1/f noise in tunable diode-laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS). The instruments and devices used by these techniques are not suitable for space applications that require small, low mass and low power instrumentation. A new noise estimation technique has already been proposed and validated for two lasers to reduce the effect of 1/f noise at lower frequencies. This paper extends the noise estimation technique and applies it using one distribution feedback (DFB) laser diode. In this method a DFB laser diode is excited at two slightly different frequencies, giving two different harmonics that can be used to estimate the total noise in the measurement. Simulations and experimental results on ammonia gas validate that the 1/f noise is effectively reduced by the noise estimation technique using one laser. Outdoor experimental results indicate that the effect of 1/f noise is reduced to more than 1/4 its normal value.
Open path tunable diode-laser absorption spectroscopy (OP-TDLAS) is a promising technique to detect low concentrations of possible biogenic gases on Mars. This technique finds the concentration of a gas by measuring the amount of laser light absorbed by gaseous molecules at a specific wavelength. One of the major factors limiting sensitivity in the TDLAS systems operating at low modulation frequencies is 1/f noise. 1/f noise is minimized in many spectroscopy systems by the use of high frequency modulation techniques. However, these techniques require complex instruments that include reference cells and other devices for calibration, making them relatively large and bulky. We are developing a spectroscopy system for space applications that requires small, low mass and low power instrumentation, making the high frequency techniques unsuitable. This paper explores a new technique using two-laser beam to reduce the affect of 1/f noise and increase the signal strength for measurements made at lower frequencies. The two lasers are excited at slightly different frequencies. An algorithm is used to estimate the noise in the second harmonic from the combined spectra of both lasers. This noise is subtracted from the signal to give a more accurate measurement of gas concentration. The error in estimation of 1/f noise is negligible as it corresponds to noise level made at much higher frequencies. Simulation results using ammonia gas and two lasers operating at 500 and 510 Hz respectively shows that this technique is able to decrease the error in estimation of gas concentration to 1/6 its normal value.
A multi-reflection cell has been employed to increase the sensitivity of the detection of methane gas. However, as the requirements of the detection system need to work on a low frequency range, the influence of the 1/f noise will be considered. This paper deal with this problem by investing the signal processing methods using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) results have been shown an improvements of about 75% in the methane gas readings.
A Tunable diode laser spectrometer (TDLS) system has been designed to scan the near-surface atmosphere for ammonia gas over a wide range of distances (10 m to 1 Km). Since the system is designed for space applications, it needs to be small, lightweight, and low power, which dictates the use of relatively low frequency measurement scans. The spectrometer uses a diode laser, which is subject to a large 1/f noise component at these low frequencies. In this work, digital signal processing techniques are used to maximize the measurement sensitivity of a low frequency TDLS system depending on Double Fast Fourier Transform (DFFT-BF) based- filter. Simulations of the 1/f noise spectrum and ammonia gas absorption peak were performed using a sinusoidal waveform to drive the diode laser. A DFFT-BF-BF method is proposed that reduces the average of the error in the gas readings to nearly 50 percent. Because, this method decreases the effect of 1/f noise while keeping the measurement signal relatively constant.
This paper describes a fully automated system to align an infra-red laser beam with a small retro-reflector over a wide
range of distances. The component development and test were especially used for an open-path spectrometer gas
detection system. Using blob detection under OpenCV library, an automatic alignment algorithm was designed to
achieve fast and accurate target detection in a complex background environment. Test results are presented to show that
the proposed algorithm has been successfully applied to various target distances and environment conditions.
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