Rural settlements contain rich regional cultural factors and high-quality landscape style and form, which is the essence of China's agricultural civilization. Taking 537 traditional villages in Shandong Province as the research object, this paper systematically analyzes the spatial distribution pattern and influencing factors of traditional villages in Shandong Province by using the methods of GIS, RS and mathematical statistics. The research shows that the traditional villages in Shandong Province are obviously concentrated in space, forming two concentration centers in the mountainous area of central and southern Shandong and the hilly area of eastern Shandong; Traditional villages are concentrated in piedmont/intermountain plain, hills and low mountains. The number of villages varies greatly in different terrain areas. The number of villages is negatively correlated with elevation and slope, and the number of villages is large in plain areas; The distribution of traditional villages has a significant positive correlation with altitude, and the positive characteristics are significant. Traditional villages are mainly concentrated in the sunny slope; Traditional villages are far away from the water area as a whole and are not highly dependent on water sources. The study can provide guidance for the protection and sustainable development of traditional villages in Shandong Province.
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