To enable optical biopsy in clinical applications, it is essential to miniaturize fiber-optic two-photon endomicroscopy (TPEM). This study used theoretical modeling and experimental measurements on a 1-mm-outer-diameter piezoelectric ceramic tube (PZT) fiber scanner for TPEM. After determining resonant modes, the effects of the driving voltage, PZT length, PZT inner diameter, fiber cantilever length, and fiber eccentricity on the fiber’s first- and second-order resonant characteristics were investigated. A 2.7-mm endomicroscopic probe was also integrated, and its two-photon imaging capability was validated using ex-vivo mouse heart and brain tissues. This study’s findings contribute to the advancement of compact nonlinear endomicroscopy.
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