The discriminant cut is used to segment the oil spills in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The proposed approach is a region-based one, which is able to capture and utilize spatial information in SAR images. The real SAR images, i.e. ALOS-1 PALSAR and Sentinel-1 SAR images were collected and used to validate the accuracy of the proposed approach for oil spill segmentation in SAR images. The accuracy of the proposed approach is higher than that of the fuzzy C-means classification method.
Oil spills are one of the major environmental concerns, especially in the coastal zones of the ocean. Satellite remote sensing imagery has proved to be a useful tool for monitoring oil spills in the marine environment. With its two daily acquisitions and the possibility to obtain near-real-time data free of charge, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) shows interesting potential as such a cost-effective supplementary tool. Several researches on oil spill detection in MODIS imagery has been carried out for the past few years. Basically, oil spills were manually detected from MODIS imagery [1,2]. The disadvantage of the manual detection method is inefficient and subjective. Shi et al. proposed an oil spill detection method from MODIS imagery by using fuzzy cluster and texture feature extraction [3]. It works in an automatic manner and does not require any priori knowledge of occurrence or the spectral attributes of spills. But its efficiency in very near shore regions is limited. Chen and Zhao detected oil spills from the oil-water contrast ratio image by using a thresholding method [4].They found that the oil-water contrast ratio can be enhanced by replacing the original image with the ratio image of two different band ones in 400-800 nm. To obtain the oil-water contrast ratio image from the MODIS imagery, they selected the oil spill area and the background sea area and then calculated the mean radiance or emissivity value in those areas. By doing so, the automation and the accuracy of the method were reduced. Adamo et al. [5] and Kudryavtsev et al. [6] proposed physical methods for oil spill detection from MODIS imagery acquired in sunglint conditions. These two methods take imaging geometry into consideration and have the aid of other models or functions such as the Cox and Munk (1954) model [7],the CMOD4 model [8,9], the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) atmospheric model, and the transfer function, which increase the algorithm complexity and rely on some assumptions.
South China Sea (SCS) is one of the most active areas for internal waves (IW) occurrences in the world. These waves generated at the Luzon Strait, propagate westward into the SCS, and dissipate on the continental shelf after persisting for more than 4 days. IW phase speed is an important parameter to study the evolution of IWs and the ocean interior characteristics. In this paper, we analyzed one pair of SAR/MODIS images containing same IW signatures in the SCS spanning from 19N to 23N and from 115E to 118E. The SAR and MODIS images were taken at 02:07:52 and 02:50:00 UTC on 22 April 2007, respectively. First, the SAR and MODIS images are calibrated and geo-referenced. By overlaying images in a GIS system, we are able to track the same wave-crest displacement between the time intervals of the image pair, and thus, derive the phase speeds of IWs at different locations. We show that the phase speeds of individual wave packets can be estimated accurately using this pair of MODIS/ASAR images separated in time by 42 minutes and 8 seconds. Furthermore, we find that there is an inseparable relationship between IW phase speed and water depth. The IW phase speeds are in proportion to the water depths along their pathways. In conclusion, we present a new multiple-sensor image fusion technique in a GIS environment to extract IW geolocation information and derive their propagation phase speeds.
As the X-band marine radar often suffers from interference of electromagnetic waves of the same frequency transmitted
by radars in its vicinity, the acquired images frequently contain co-channel interference noise. The noise degrades the
quality of the marine radar images and is unfavorable to the processing and interpretation of the marine radar images.
To suppress the noise in marine radar images, a novel method based on pulse-pulse correlation is proposed. This method
includes three steps: threshold segmentation, noise extraction and noise fixing. In the threshold segmentation step, the
threshold T is calculated based on the K distribution sea clutter model. In the noise extraction step, a 3×3 window is
applied. By using the window, the pixels of noise can be extracted, and at the same time the pixels of non-noise can be
discarded. In the noise fixing step, the strategy of piecewise interpolation is applied. At the region near to the image
center, the triangulation with linear interpolation algorithm is applied; at the region far from the image center, the nearest
neighbor algorithm is applied.
The real X band marine radar image was used to test the performance of the proposed method. The obtained results show
that the proposed method is able to reduce the co-channel interference noise from the marine radar images significantly
and keep the information of objects in the images such as ships and islands. Besides, the proposed method can be fast in
speed of operation.
This work presents a method to suppress the sea clutter for radar images acquired from ordinary navigation radar
sensors, which are incoherent radars working in X-band and horizontal polarization. The proposed method considers
short temporal sequences of consecutive navigation radar images. This method, which is based on rotation-to-rotation
correlation and the variation of sea clutter response with range, can be described as follows. 1) To cumulate the k (k>1)
temporally consecutive images. 2) To fit the variation of the sea clutter intensity with range for every scan line of the
cumulative image and to subtract the fitted sea clutter intensity from the cumulative image for every pixel. 3) To
calculate the threshold value of detection by applying the Constant False Alarm (CFAR) model and the Probabilistic
Neural Networks (PNN) model. 4) To threshold the resulting image with the obtained threshold. 5) To remove the false
alarm by utilizing the flood fill algorithm to determine the connected area size of any probable target in the binary image.
Temporal sequences of navigation radar images were used to test the performance of the proposed method. The results
obtained show that the proposed method is able to reduce significantly the sea clutter from the radar images and detect
efficiently a ship embedded in the sea clutter. The detection precision is provided according to the experimental results.
In this paper, we propose a new de-noising method by wavelet transform based on lifting scheme for the reducing of the multiplicative speckles in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. An ERS-2 SAR image of Hangzhou was used as a test image to compare the performance of the method with that of conventional methods. The results show that the proposed method has advantages in radiation characteristics and textual details of the image over the conventional methods.
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