KEYWORDS: Renewable energy, Frequency response, Control systems, Wind turbine technology, Frequency modulation, Solar cells, Power grids, Solar energy, Wind energy
As large-scale renewable energy sources are connected to the power system, the scale of centralized renewable energy sources stations is constantly expanding. More and more attention is paid to the problem of collaborative frequency control among power sources with different response capabilities. The droop control response mechanism that mimics the synchrotron design lacks flexibility. The emerging deep reinforcement learning method provides a new idea for the frequency control of renewable energy-based power systems. In this paper, a mathematical model describing the response characteristics of each power supply and the nonlinear characteristics of dead zones and limiting zones is constructed via mechanism analysis. In addition, an optimization objective function considering the frequency modulation performance and economy of renewable energy supplies is proposed, and the control strategy optimization problem is solved based on the twin-delayed deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm. Case studies show that the proposed method can effectively improve the transient frequency characteristics of the system and realize the cooperative participation of renewable energy sources with different dynamic characteristics with fast frequency responses.
KEYWORDS: Photovoltaics, Power grids, Solar energy, Power supplies, Solar cells, Control systems, Batteries, Carbon, Mathematical optimization, Capacitors
Aiming at the transient voltage control problem of the receiving power grid under large-scale photovoltaic power supply access, this paper proposes a transient voltage stability control method for the receiving power grid considering the collaborative participation of photovoltaic and energy storage. This paper first analyses the input-output characteristics of the photovoltaic power supply and energy storage system, studies the reactive power regulation capacity of the photovoltaic power supply and energy storage system during operation, and establishes the model of the photovoltaic power supply and energy storage system. After that, the model of transient voltage stability margin and transient adjustable margin of the receiving power grid is established, and the reactive power coordination optimization model of the receiving power grid, in which PV and energy storage cooperate, is also established. By optimizing the reactive power response capability of the receiving power grid, transient voltage support is provided for the power grid. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is verified by simulation analysis, and the simulation results show that the proposed method can coordinate the reactive power output of photovoltaic power supply and energy storage and realize the transient voltage stability of the receiving power grid.
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