In this paper, polarization properties of spun fibers with millimeter spin periods and certain intrinsic birefringence are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Polarization evolution and modal coupling in spun fibers are studied by using the Jones vector method, and fiber polarization-mode dispersion is examined by using the Jones matrix eigenanalysis method. Theoretical results are in good agreement with the measured results. Some potential applications of these spun fibers for optical communications and fiber sensors as well as the related requirements are discussed.
In this paper, the polarization characteristics of fiber Bragg gratings written into spun fibers with certain intrinsic birefringence and short spinning periods are studied experimentally. In terms of the Stokes parameters, the evolutions of states of polarization (SOP) in spun fiber Bragg gratings are investigated. The polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) and polarization dependent loss (PDL) are examined in both the transmission and reflection manners. The spun fiber Bragg gratings exhibit distinctive properties from those in the conventional single-mode fibers. In particular, they always exhibit multiple side peaks near the Bragg peaks with certain wavelength intervals in their reflection spectra. It is further shown that these reflection peaks have different polarization dependences on input SOP. The observed polarization dependences in the experiments are then confirmed in the simulation, and potential applications are discussed.
The long-span and high-speed optical transmission networks require high-quality optical cables and components to reduce the detrimental effects of polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) and polarization-dependent loss (PDL) on system performance. In addition, many high-accuracy fiber-optic sensing networks also require low polarization-dependent components. As a result, polarization-insensitive transmission fibers and components have been pursued recently. A well-established technique to produce low-PMD and PDL fibers is to spin the fiber during the fiber drawing process, known as spun fibers. As key optical components, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) play important roles in optical fiber communications and fiber sensors. However, FBGs written into traditional single-mode fibers exhibit relatively high polarization dependence due to the birefringence introduced by side UV exposure in FBG fabrication process. In this paper, we report for the first time the characteristics of FBGs written into spun fibers that were formed by spinning fibers with certain intrinsic birefringence. Distinct properties of FBGs in spun fibers are found in the experiments, compared to those in traditional single-mode fibers. Based on Jones matrix method, the FBG spectra are simulated and compared with the measured ones. Preliminary experimental results indicate that the spun fiber gratings suffer lower PMD under the same fabrication conditions. Moreover, our theoretical analysis shows that the PMD and PDL characteristics of spun fiber gratings can be further improved by optimizing the structures of spun fibers.
The concept of robust sensor of current and magnetic field was under consideration based on the use of polarization interferometer scheme. The scheme utilized broadband lightsource and single mode fiber with significant intrinsic birefringence comparable with the period of birefringence axes revolution, their ratio N being the main parameter both for sensor robustness and sensitivity determination. The external forces-originated perturbations were taken into account in the 'method of averaging' approximation and an optimal condition for number N was determined to suppress perturbations' influence. Even for perturbed case the polarization retardation in such a fiber was found not accumulating but varying periodically. Conditions for these varying terms to vanish due to source bandwidth averaging were evaluating.
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