With this paper we describe recent results on the physical mechanisms responsible for the gradual degradation
of GaN-based laser diodes and Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs). The results described in the following were obtained by
means of an extensive electrical and optical characterization of laser diodes and LEDs submitted to accelerated stress
conditions. The experimental evidence described within this paper demonstrate that: (i) during stress, the threshold
current of laser diodes can significantly increase, possibly due to a diffusion-related process; (ii) slope efficiency of laser
diodes does not significantly change as a consequence of stress; (iii) LED samples - with the same epitaxial structure of
laser diodes - show a significant decrease in optical power during stress time; degradation is more prominent at low
measuring current levels, suggesting that it is due to the increase in non-radiative recombination; (iv) the worsening of
the optical characteristics of LEDs and laser diodes is significantly correlated to the increase in the defect-related current
components. Results described within this paper strongly support the hypothesis that the degradation of laser diodes and
LEDs submitted to stress at high current densities (>4 kA/cm2) is due to the increase in the concentration of defects
within the active layer of the devices, activated by the high flux of accelerated carriers through the quantum-well region.
An ordinary half-height size optical pickup with high light-use efficiency for Blu-ray Discs (BDs) has been realized. It has two objective lenses arranged tangentially. Although one of the objective lenses, BD objective lens, does not follow the line that passes thorough the center of the spindle motor, stable tracking-error detection has been achieved by enhancing a one-beam method. This pickup has a beam shaper which changes a divergent angle of light with high magnification. Although beam shapers are sensitive to a positional error, our pickup accomplished stable positioning by introducing a new structure.
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