Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an important therapy for critically ill children but survivors have neurodevelopmental impairments. Cerebral inflammatory response resulting in brain edema is observed on ECMO. This pathologic response may adversely impact the quantitative accuracy of diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) neuromonitoring (including commercial NIRS) which commonly assumes a 75% water fraction. Using fresh brain tissue desiccation, we directly quantified the severity of cerebral edema in pediatric swine following cardiac arrest, CPR and 22-24 hours of ECMO therapy. The fractional error in DOS quantification of cerebral hemodynamics from assuming 75% water fraction was determined to be <5%.
Evaluation of the brain’s resting-state is an important window into neuronal function, connectivity, and health. Resting-state brain activity is reflected via neurovascular coupling in low frequency (0.01-0.1 Hz) hemodynamics, and low frequency power (LFP) can be a proxy for regional neuronal activity. In this exploratory study, we measured LFP in cerebral blood flow using diffuse correlation spectroscopy (LFP-DCS) during the course of an asphyxial cardiac arrest model in pediatric swine. The data demonstrate that LFP-DCS has distinct temporal information to blood flow index and may provide an additional biomarker to predict successful recovery after neurologic insults.
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