Dr. Thomas G. M. Schalkhammer Profile

Dr. Thomas G. M. Schalkhammer

at Technische Univ Delft

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Author

Publications (12)

Proceedings Article | 15 July 2004 Paper

Cluster optical coding: from biochips to counterfeit security

Jakob Haglmueller, Yilmaz Alguel, Christian Mayer, Viacheslav Matyushin, Georg Bauer, Fritz Pittner, Alfred Leitner, Franz Aussenegg, Thomas Schalkhammer

Proceedings Volume 5339, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.537429

KEYWORDS: Metals, Proteins, Gold, Silver, Particles, Absorption, Ocean optics, Plasmons, Coating, Mirrors

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Spatially tuned resonant nano-clusters allow high local field enhancement when exited by electromagnetic radiation. A number of phenomena had been described and subsequently applied to novel nano- and bionano-devices. Decisive for these types of devices and sensors is the precise nanometric assembly, coupling the local field surrounding a cluster to allow resonance with other elements interacting with this field. In particular, the distance cluster-mirror or cluster-fluorophore gives rise to a variety of enhancement phenomena. High throughput transducers using metal cluster resonance technology are based on surface-enhancement of metal cluster light absorption (SEA). The optical property for the analytical application of metal cluster films is the so-called anomalous absorption. At a well defined nanometric distance of a cluster to a mirror the reflected electromagnetic field has the same phase at the position of the absorbing cluster as the incident fields. This feedback mechanism strongly enhances the effective cluster absorption coefficient. The system is characterised by a narrow reflection minimum. Based on this SEA-phenomenon (licensed to and further developed and optimized by NovemberAG, Germany Erlangen) a number of commercial products have been constructed. Brandsealing(R) uses the patented SEA cluster technology to produce optical codings. Cluster SEA thin film systems show a characteristic color-flip effect and are extremely mechanically and thermally robust. This is the basis for its application as an unique security feature. The specific spectroscopic properties as e.g. narrow band multi-resonance of the cluster layers allow the authentication of the optical code which can be easily achieved with a mobile hand-held reader developed by november AG and Siemens AG. Thus, these features are machine-readable which makes them superior to comparable technologies. Cluster labels are available in two formats: as a label for tamper-proof product packaging, and as a direct label, where label and logo are permanently applied directly and unremovable to the product surface. Together with Infineon Technologies and HUECK FOLIEN, the SEA technology is currently developed as a direct label for e.g. SmartCards.

Proceedings Article | 24 October 2001 Paper

DNA biochips based on surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF) for high-throughput interaction studies

Norbert Stich, Christian Mayer, Georg Bauer, Thomas Schalkhammer

Proceedings Volume 4434, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.446669

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Metals, Gold, Silver, Glasses, Tin, Particles, Molecules, Signal detection, Biological research

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Proceedings Article | 21 May 2001 Paper

Food-allergen assays on chip based on metal nano-cluster resonance

Christian Mayer, Ron Verheijen, Norbert Stich, Thomas Schalkhammer

Proceedings Volume 4265, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.427964

KEYWORDS: Proteins, Metals, Gold, Tin, Refractive index, Eye, Absorption, Mirrors, Optical scanning, Ions

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Proceedings Article | 10 May 2001 Paper

Surface-enhanced fluorescence biochips using industrial standard slide format and scanners

Christian Mayer, Norbert Stich, Thomas Schalkhammer

Proceedings Volume 4252, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.426741

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Metals, Sensors, Quantum efficiency, Absorption, Particles, Molecules, Coating, Gold, Biological research

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Proceedings Article | 3 June 1999 Paper

Optical nanocluster microchips for human diagnostics

Georg Bauer, Sabine Volnov, Gerhard Sontag, Alfred Leitner, Franz Aussenegg, Fritz Pittner, Thomas Schalkhammer

Proceedings Volume 3606, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.350060

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Metals, Sensors, Ions, Mirrors, Absorption, Diagnostics, Reflection, Plasma, Polymer thin films

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Proceedings Article | 3 May 1999 Paper

Microarray-based optical biochip with nanometric resolution

Georg Bauer, Norbert Stich, Thomas Schalkhammer

Proceedings Volume 3602, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.347521

KEYWORDS: Metals, Near field optics, Absorption, Visualization, Particles, Biological research, Chromophores, Resonance enhancement, Proteins, Spatial resolution

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 1998 Paper

Optical nanocluster plasmon sensors as transducers for bioaffinity interactions

Thomas Schalkhammer, Alfred Leitner, Franz Aussenegg, Georg Bauer, Fritz Pittner

Proceedings Volume 3253, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.308025

KEYWORDS: Metals, Sensors, Polymers, Gold, Proteins, Absorption, Optical properties, Silver, Oxygen, Plasma

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 1998 Paper

Biorecognition using gated ion channel biosensors: membranes supported by poly-1,2-diaminobenzene

Dorothea Anrather, Miriam Valina-Saba, Michaela Smetazko, Georg Bauer, Sigrid Schmutzer, Christof Weiss-Wichert, Thomas Schalkhammer

Proceedings Volume 3253, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.308017

KEYWORDS: Ion channels, Sensors, Ions, Polymers, Sodium, Biosensors, Molecules, Head, Electrodes, Metals

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Proceedings Article | 1 January 1998 Paper

New highly sensitive gated ion channel biosensor for antibody detection: setup, ion channel design, and supported membranes

Miriam Valina-Saba, Christof Weiss-Wichert, Michaela Smetazko, Dorothea Anrather, Sigrid Schmutzer, Georg Bauer, Thomas Schalkhammer

Proceedings Volume 3199, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.301103

KEYWORDS: Ion channels, Ions, Sensors, Molecules, Biological research, Biosensors, Sodium, Polymers, Coating, Head

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A new technique for direct monitoring of biochemical binding events of individual molecules was developed. Artificial gated ion channels in supported membranes of circular bolaamphiphilic lipids mixed with lipid phase modifiers were used to monitor the binding events of analyte molecules to the ion channel inducing a change of the ion concentration in a small sub membrane compartment. Ion flux or the ion concentration within the small compartment was determined electrochemically or by using fluorescent indicator dyes. Binding of the analyte to ligand modified peptide channels resulted in an on/off-response of the channel current due to channel closure or distortion. Trans-membrane permeability changes were quantified by applying a trans-membrane potential or a transient pulse of pH or ion concentration. Doubtless, the need for a direct more specific measurement in complex matrices leads to the increased interest in this form of miniaturized analytical device. Nevertheless most of the biosensors developed up to now use the biochemical processes of correlated bioanalytic assays. In bioanalytical assays where the analyte binds to an artificial membrane ligand a new strategy had to be developed. This paper presents new sensor devices using optical and electrochemical signal transduction. The biorecognitive interaction of an analyte at a ligand modified Bisgramicidin A ion channel results in a nearly digital on/off response of the channel current due to peptide channel closure or distortion. The current response of the sensor induced by analyte binding depends on an accurately positioned small ligand and on the binding of a large analyte molecule as e.g. an antibody. The trans-membrane leakage of membrane through membrane channels. Sodium and potassium ions as well as protons are widely spread in biological fluids. For this reason they are utilized as mobile species which are forced to move through the ion channels by an electric field or a concentration gradient. This gradient was induced either electrochemically or by ion concentration shift. The data presented show the optimization of the setup and first studies with this new device monitoring analyte gated ion channels in supported lipid membranes on sensor chips.

Proceedings Article | 16 June 1997 Paper

Ion channels in artificial bolaamphiphile membranes deposited on sensor chips: optical detection in an ion-channel-based biosensor

Thomas Schalkhammer, Christof Weiss-Wichert, Michaela Smetazko, Miriam Valina-Saba

Proceedings Volume 2976, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.275520

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Ions, Ion channels, Polymers, Head, Biosensors, Molecules, Luminescence, Biological research, Sodium

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Proceedings Article | 16 June 1997 Paper

Detection of fluorophore-labeled antibodies by surface-enhanced fluorescence on metal nanoislands

Thomas Schalkhammer, Franz Aussenegg, Alfred Leitner, Harald Brunner, Gerhard Hawa, Christina Lobmaier, Fritz Pittner

Proceedings Volume 2976, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.275521

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Metals, Particles, Quantum efficiency, Absorption, Atmospheric particles, Nanoparticles, Silver, Glasses, Plasma

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Proceedings Article | 29 September 1995 Paper

New urea sensor based on a metal island coated ion sensitive swelling polymer device

Thomas Schalkhammer, Christina Lobmaier, Fritz Pittner, Alfred Leitner, Harald Brunner, Franz Aussenegg

Proceedings Volume 2508, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.221723

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Metals, Sensors, Ions, Reflectivity, Polymer thin films, Mirrors, Urea, Reflection, Biosensors

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