Transition metal mononitrides (TMNs) like ZrN—which shows uniquely and drastically chemically tunable properties such as permittivity, carrier concentration, structure, hardness, and heat capacity—have arrived as frontrunner plasmonic and nonlinear optical material alternatives to Ag and Au. The influence of dopant atoms and defect states on the permittivity and structural properties in ZrN chemistries, as well as a broadband epsilon near zero (ENZ) regime spanning the visible wavelength range and into the near infrared are demonstrated. Reasons why progress in ZrN (despite its attractive features) lags that of TiN are discussed and related to defect and impurity states in precursor materials.
Investigation of new plasmonic material platforms with large optical nonlinearity is crucial for the continued development of nonlinear optics and its applications. Here we report an enhanced second order nonlinear effect in metallic quantum wells (QWs) where the intersubband transition plays a dominant role. Centrosymmetry in these metallic QWs is broken by forming multilayers with chemically and structurally distinct barrier oxides above and below a metal nanofilm. For Au-based QWs, we show that a large χ(2), measured by second harmonic generation (SHG), around 229.6 pm/V at the near infrared (NIR) wavelength of 940 nm was achieved in an asymmetric metallic QW of SiO2|Au|HfO2 on a fused silica substrate.
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