We experimentally demonstrate a reflective long period grating based temperature sensor with a temperature sensitivity coefficient of 0.046 nm/°C in the range between 23°C and 200°C. Compared to traditional metal coating methods, such as evaporation, we used a cost-effective brush coating method to coat silver on both the end facet and a 60cm long tail end of the fiber beyond a long period grating (LPG) to realize a reflection mode LPG. The measured optical spectrum of the fabricated reflective LPG completely mimics the transmitted spectrum with reduced intensity. This cost-effective method for coating metal will pave the way for inexpensive LPG and other optical fiber sensor manufacturing and widespread utilization.
A novel and cost-effective technique to coat a fiber optic long period grating (LPG) sensor with silver paste to realize a reflection mode operation is presented here. LPGs have higher sensitivity compared to fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and are typically used as a transmission sensor. Recently, reflective LPG structures have been realized by coating the end of the LPG fiber with metal, but they have limitations as the fabrication process to coat the fiber with metal is either expensive or complex. In our work, we show a novel inexpensive technique to coat long lengths (60 cm or longer) of LPG with silver. The fabricated reflective LPG mimics the transmitted spectrum with improved selectivity. This simple coating method can be applied for other optical fiber sensors; such as metal embedded sensors for monitoring parameters at such critical locations not accessible to ordinary sensors.
A porous-core octagonal photonic crystal fiber (PC-OPCF) with ultralow effective material loss (EML), high core power fraction, and ultra flattened dispersion is proposed for terahertz (THz) wave propagation. At an operating frequency of 1 THz and core diameter of 345 μm, simulation results display an extremely low EML of 0.047 cm−1, 49.1% power transmission through core air holes, decreased confinement loss with the increase of frequency, and dispersion variation of 0.15 ps/THz/cm. In addition, the proposed PCF can successfully operate in single-mode condition. All the simulations are performed with finite-element modeling package, COMSOL v4.2. The design can be fabricated using a stacking and drilling method. Thus, the proposed fiber has the potential of being an effective transmission medium of broadband THz waves.
We report on a polymer-based porous-core photonic crystal fiber for simultaneous high-birefringent and low-loss propagation of narrowband terahertz (THz) electromagnetic waves. The high birefringence is induced by using rotated elliptical air holes inside the porous-core. The fiber is numerically analyzed with an efficient finite-element method. The simulation results exhibit an extremely high birefringence of ∼0.042 and a very low effective material loss of ∼0.07 cm−1 at an operating frequency of 1 THz. Moreover, we have found an optimal rotation angle (θ)=n30 deg (n is an odd integer). Other modal features of the fiber, such as confinement loss, power fraction, effective area, bending loss, and dispersion, also have been analyzed. We anticipate that the proposed fiber would be suitable in polarization maintaining THz wave guidance applications.
A porous-core circular photonic crystal fiber is designed for low-loss terahertz (THz) wave propagation. The circular arrangement of air holes, both in the periodic cladding and the porous core, makes it possible to guide most of the optical power through low-loss air, which is confirmed by the rigorous analysis of modal properties of the fiber while maintaining the single-mode propagation condition. The simulation results, found by using an efficient finite element method, show that a flattened dispersion of ±0.09 ps/THz/cm within 0.9 to 1.3 THz and an ultra-low material loss of 0.053 cm−1 at f=1 THz is obtained for the reported design at optimal parameters. This kind of structure can be fabricated using capillary stacking or a sol–gel technique and is expected to be useful for wideband imaging and telecom applications.
We propose a porous-core octagonal photonic crystal fiber for low-loss terahertz (THz) waveguiding. Great attention is given to the geometries of the fiber inside the core to increase the fraction of power transmitted through the air holes. At an operating frequency f=1 THz, this design exhibits a low effective material loss which is approximately 0.05 cm−1 or 0.2 dB/cm. In addition to the confinement loss, some other properties like the power fraction of the core air holes, responses of the effective material loss, and power fraction with respect to frequency have been also reported. This design is useful for efficient transmission of broadband terahertz radiation.
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