KEYWORDS: Free space optics, Signal attenuation, Temperature metrology, Attenuation, Rain, Transmitters, Transceivers, Receivers, Visibility through fog
The functionality of Free Space Optical (FSO) communication links is highly influenced by meteorological conditions such as precipitation, snowfall, and fog. In this study, we establish an FSO link and conduct experimental measurements to evaluate the link performance under extreme winter conditions in the city of Astana, with the goal of facilitating secure 5G applications. During the measurement period, the lowest recorded temperature was -19.3 °C, with an average of -7 °C. We present the path loss for a link with a distance of 212 meters under various weather conditions (snow, clear sky, cloudy, overcast), visibility, humidity, and air pressure levels. We also record wind speed and snowfall rate. The obtained path loss data is subsequently compared with analytical approximations previously reported in the literature.
Asymmetrically clipped optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ACO-OFDM) has been proposed in visible light communication (VLC) systems to overcome the dc-biased optical OFDM power consumption issue at the cost of the available electrical spectral efficiency. Due to the implementation of inverse fast Fourier transform, all the optical OFDM schemes including ACO-OFDM suffer from large peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which degrades the performance in VLC systems as the light-emitting diodes used as the transmitter have a limited optical power-current linear range. To address the PAPR issue in ACO-OFDM, we introduce a unipolar-pulse amplitude modulation frequency division multiplexing by adopting the single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA). This is achieved by considering a PAM as an SC-FDMA data symbol and inserting a conjugate copy of the middle and first SC-FDMA FFT output subcarriers after the middle and last subcarriers, respectively. Simulation results show that, for the proposed scheme, the PAPR is 3.6 dB lower compared with ACO-OFDM. The PAPR improvement is further analyzed with the simulation results demonstrating that the proposed scheme offers 2.5 dB more average transmitted power compared to ACO-OFDM.
We propose and investigate cooperative visible light communications (VLC) enabled vehicular network architecture with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relay. In the proposed system, a UAV equipped with an onboard photodetector and light-emitting diodes is used as a relay in a vehicular VLC link. The advantage of having a flying UAV relay is its great mobility and ease of deployment. The performance of UAV-assisted cooperative VLC is investigated for amplify and forward and decode and forward protocols with half duplex and full duplex modes. Moreover, location of the UAV relay is optimized in order to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio at the destination vehicle. The active light beam tracking technique is further employed to increase the reliability of the proposed VLC system. Our results reveal that a UAV relay can significantly improve the transmission performance of conventional VLC-based vehicular networks.
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