Mr. Randall E. Bailey Profile

Randall E. Bailey

Aerospace Technologist at NASA Langley Research Ctr

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (33)

SPIE Journal Paper | 30 November 2018

Evaluation of head-worn and head-up displays for use in enhanced flight vision system operations

Jarvis (Trey) J. Arthur, Lawrence J. Prinzel, Randall E. Bailey, Kevin Shelton, Stephanie Nicholas

OE, Vol. 58, Issue 05, 051802, (November 2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.58.5.051802

KEYWORDS: Heads up displays, Fourier transforms, Visualization, Head, Enhanced vision, Visibility, Error analysis, Optical engineering, Forward looking infrared, Safety

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Proceedings Article | 5 May 2017 Presentation + Paper

Simulation test of a head-worn display with ambient vision display for unusual attitude recovery

Jarvis (Trey) Arthur, Stephanie Nicholas, Kevin Shelton, Kathryn Ballard, Lawrence Prinzel, Kyle Ellis, Randall Bailey, Steven Williams

Proceedings Volume 10197, 101970B (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2262705

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Control systems, Head, Eye, Prototyping, Lab on a chip, Failure analysis, Heads up displays, Synthetic vision, Safety

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 February 2017 Open Access

Review of head-worn displays for the Next Generation Air Transportation System

Jarvis (Trey) Arthur, Randall Bailey, Steven Williams, Lawrence Prinzel, Kevin Shelton, Denise Jones, Vincent Houston

OE, Vol. 56, Issue 05, 051405, (February 2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.56.5.051405

KEYWORDS: Heads up displays, Head, Head-mounted displays, Visualization, Visibility, Safety, Prototyping, Optical engineering, Eye, Enhanced vision

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Proceedings Article | 13 May 2016 Paper

Assessing impact of dual sensor enhanced flight vision systems on departure performance

Lynda Kramer, Timothy Etherington, Kurt Severance, Randall Bailey

Proceedings Volume 9839, 98390C (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2222081

KEYWORDS: Enhanced vision, Heads up displays, Visualization, Sensors, Visibility, Image sensors, Light sources and illumination, Fourier transforms, Forward looking infrared, Phase modulation

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Proceedings Article | 21 May 2015 Paper

A review of head-worn display research at NASA Langley Research Center

Jarvis Arthur, Randall Bailey, Steven Williams, Lawrence Prinzel, Kevin Shelton, Denise Jones, Vincent Houston

Proceedings Volume 9470, 94700W (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2180436

KEYWORDS: Heads up displays, Head, Head-mounted displays, Visualization, Safety, Visibility, Eye, Prototyping, Enhanced vision, Augmented reality

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Proceedings Article | 21 May 2015 Paper

Flight test of a head-worn display as an equivalent-HUD for terminal operations

K. Shelton, J. Arthur, L. Prinzel, S. Nicholas, S. Williams, R. Bailey

Proceedings Volume 9470, 94700X (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2177059

KEYWORDS: Heads up displays, Forward looking infrared, Safety, Head, Visualization, Enhanced vision, Fourier transforms, Visibility, Diamond, Glasses

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Proceedings Article | 19 June 2014 Paper

Visual advantage of enhanced flight vision system during NextGen flight test evaluation

Lynda Kramer, Stephanie Harrison, Randall Bailey, Kevin Shelton, Kyle Ellis

Proceedings Volume 9087, 90870G (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2045087

KEYWORDS: Fourier transforms, Visualization, Visibility, Fiber optic gyroscopes, Visibility through fog, Heads up displays, Cameras, Enhanced vision, Visible radiation, Video

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Proceedings Article | 19 June 2014 Paper

External Vision Systems (XVS) proof-of-concept flight test evaluation

Kevin Shelton, Steven Williams, Lynda Kramer, Jarvis Arthur, Lawrence Prinzel, Randall Bailey

Proceedings Volume 9087, 90870F (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2048395

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Visualization, Fourier transforms, Safety, Air contamination, LCDs, Sensors, Visibility, Heads up displays, Statistical analysis

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Proceedings Article | 13 June 2014 Paper

Performance comparison between a head-worn display system and a head-up display for low visibility commercial operations

Jarvis Arthur, Lawerence Prinzel, James Barnes, Steven Williams, Denise Jones, Stephanie Harrison, Randall Bailey

Proceedings Volume 9086, 90860N (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2048700

KEYWORDS: Heads up displays, Forward looking infrared, Visibility, Safety, Head, Fourier transforms, Enhanced vision, Visualization, Control systems, Glasses

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Proceedings Article | 9 June 2011 Paper

Head-worn displays for NextGen

Randall Bailey, Kevin Shelton, J. Arthur

Proceedings Volume 8041, 80410G (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.885847

KEYWORDS: Heads up displays, Safety, Visibility, Head, Visualization, Head-mounted displays, Standards development, Eye, Enhanced vision, Fourier transforms

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Proceedings Article | 1 June 2011 Paper

Enhanced and synthetic vision for terminal maneuvering area NextGen operations

Lynda Kramer, Randall Bailey, Kyle K. Ellis, R. Michael Norman, Steven Williams, Jarvis Arthur, Kevin Shelton, Lawrence Prinzel

Proceedings Volume 8042, 80420T (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.885902

KEYWORDS: Fourier transforms, Heads up displays, Visibility, Visualization, Enhanced vision, Synthetic vision, Forward looking infrared, Databases, Light sources and illumination, Safety

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Proceedings Article | 1 June 2011 Paper

Enhanced/synthetic vision and head-worn display technologies for terminal maneuvering area NextGen operations

Jarvis Arthur, Lawrence Prinzel, Steven Williams, Randall Bailey, Kevin Shelton, R. Mike Norman

Proceedings Volume 8042, 80420Q (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.883036

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Visibility, Forward looking infrared, Enhanced vision, Head, Augmented reality, Safety, Heads up displays, Sensors, Diamond

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NASA is researching innovative technologies for the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) to provide a "Better-Than-Visual" (BTV) capability as adjunct to "Equivalent Visual Operations" (EVO); that is, airport throughputs equivalent to that normally achieved during Visual Flight Rules (VFR) operations rates with equivalent and better safety in all weather and visibility conditions including Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC). These new technologies build on proven flight deck systems and leverage synthetic and enhanced vision systems. Two piloted simulation studies were conducted to access the use of a Head-Worn Display (HWD) with head tracking for synthetic and enhanced vision systems concepts. The first experiment evaluated the use a HWD for equivalent visual operations to San Francisco International Airport (airport identifier: KSFO) compared to a visual concept and a head-down display concept. A second experiment evaluated symbology variations under different visibility conditions using a HWD during taxi operations at Chicago O'Hare airport (airport identifier: KORD). Two experiments were conducted, one in a simulated San Francisco airport (KSFO) approach operation and the other, in simulated Chicago O'Hare surface operations, evaluating enhanced/synthetic vision and head-worn display technologies for NextGen operations. While flying a closely-spaced parallel approach to KSFO, pilots rated the HWD, under low-visibility conditions, equivalent to the out-the-window condition, under unlimited visibility, in terms of situational awareness (SA) and mental workload compared to a head-down enhanced vision system. There were no differences between the 3 display concepts in terms of traffic spacing and distance and the pilot decision-making to land or go-around. For the KORD experiment, the visibility condition was not a factor in pilot's rating of clutter effects from symbology. Several concepts for enhanced implementations of an unlimited field-of-regard BTV concept for low-visibility surface operations were determined to be equivalent in pilot ratings of efficacy and usability.

Proceedings Article | 5 May 2010 Paper

Part-task simulation of synthetic and enhanced vision concepts for lunar landing

Jarvis Arthur, Randall Bailey, E. Bruce Jackson, James Barnes, Steven Williams, Lynda Kramer

Proceedings Volume 7689, 768904 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.852917

KEYWORDS: Heads up displays, Fourier transforms, Space operations, Forward looking infrared, Cameras, Visibility, Visualization, Head, Enhanced vision, Neodymium

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Proceedings Article | 23 April 2010 Paper

Enhanced vision for all-weather operations under NextGen

Randall Bailey, Lynda Kramer, Steven Williams

Proceedings Volume 7689, 768903 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.852667

KEYWORDS: Heads up displays, Fourier transforms, Visualization, Visibility, Enhanced vision, Copper, Safety, Standards development, Synthetic vision, Analytical research

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Proceedings Article | 7 May 2009 Paper

Data-link and surface map traffic intent displays for NextGen 4DT and equivalent visual surface operations

Kevin Shelton, Lawrence (Lance) Prinzel, Jarvis (Trey) Arthur, Denise Jones, Angela Allamandola, Randall Bailey

Proceedings Volume 7328, 73280C (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.818640

KEYWORDS: Safety, Visualization, Heads up displays, Telecommunications, Fermium, Frequency modulation, Data communications, Control systems, Interfaces, Algorithm development

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Proceedings Article | 15 April 2008 Paper

Simulation evaluation of synthetic vision as an enabling technology for equivalent visual operations

Lynda Kramer, Steven Williams, Randall Bailey

Proceedings Volume 6957, 69570K (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.772775

KEYWORDS: Fourier transforms, Heads up displays, Light sources and illumination, Visualization, Visibility, Synthetic vision, Safety, Enhanced vision, Device simulation, Global Positioning System

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Enhanced Vision (EV) and synthetic vision (SV) systems may serve as enabling technologies to meet the challenges of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) Equivalent Visual Operations (EVO) concept - that is, the ability to achieve or even improve on the safety of Visual Flight Rules (VFR) operations, maintain the operational tempos of VFR, and even, perhaps, retain VFR procedures independent of actual weather and visibility conditions. One significant challenge lies in the definition of required equipage on the aircraft and on the airport to enable the EVO concept objective. A piloted simulation experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the presence or absence of Synthetic Vision, the location of this information during an instrument approach (i.e., on a Head-Up or Head-Down Primary Flight Display), and the type of airport lighting information on landing minima. The quantitative data from this experiment were analyzed to begin the definition of performance-based criteria for all-weather approach and landing operations. Objective results from the present study showed that better approach performance was attainable with the head-up display (HUD) compared to the head-down display (HDD). A slight performance improvement in HDD performance was shown when SV was added, as the pilots descended below 200 ft to a 100 ft decision altitude, but this performance was not tested for statistical significance (nor was it expected to be statistically significant). The touchdown data showed that regardless of the display concept flown (SV HUD, Baseline HUD, SV HDD, Baseline HDD) a majority of the runs were within the performance-based defined approach and landing criteria in all the visibility levels, approach lighting systems, and decision altitudes tested. For this visual flight maneuver, RVR appeared to be the most significant influence in touchdown performance. The approach lighting system clearly impacted the pilot's ability to descend to 100 ft height above touchdown based on existing Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) 91.175 using a 200 ft decision height, but did not appear to influence touchdown performance or approach path maintenance.

Proceedings Article | 1 May 2007 Paper

Evaluation of head-worn display concepts for commercial aircraft taxi operations

Randall Bailey, J. Arthur, Lance Prinzel, Lynda Kramer

Proceedings Volume 6557, 65570Y (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.717221

KEYWORDS: Heads up displays, Head, Safety, Visualization, Enhanced vision, Visibility, Navigation systems, Head-mounted displays, Telecommunications, Eye

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Proceedings Article | 30 April 2007 Paper

Design and testing of an unlimited field-of-regard synthetic vision head-worn display for commercial aircraft surface operations

J. Arthur, Lawrence Prinzel, Kevin Shelton, Lynda Kramer, Steven Williams, Randall Bailey, Robert Norman

Proceedings Volume 6559, 65590E (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.719695

KEYWORDS: Heads up displays, Safety, Head, Synthetic vision, Visibility, Enhanced vision, Situational awareness sensors, Eye, Cockpit displays, Control systems

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Experiments and flight tests have shown that a Head-Up Display (HUD) and a head-down, electronic moving map (EMM) can be enhanced with Synthetic Vision for airport surface operations. While great success in ground operations was demonstrated with a HUD, the research noted that two major HUD limitations during ground operations were their monochrome form and limited, fixed field of regard. A potential solution to these limitations found with HUDs may be emerging Head Worn Displays (HWDs). HWDs are small, lightweight full color display devices that may be worn without significant encumbrance to the user. By coupling the HWD with a head tracker, unlimited field-of-regard may be realized for commercial aviation applications. In the proposed paper, the results of two ground simulation experiments conducted at NASA Langley are summarized. The experiments evaluated the efficacy of head-worn display applications of Synthetic Vision and Enhanced Vision technology to enhance transport aircraft surface operations. The two studies tested a combined six display concepts: (1) paper charts with existing cockpit displays, (2) baseline consisting of existing cockpit displays including a Class III electronic flight bag display of the airport surface; (3) an advanced baseline that also included displayed traffic and routing information, (4) a modified version of a HUD and EMM display demonstrated in previous research; (5) an unlimited field-of-regard, full color, head-tracked HWD with a conformal 3-D synthetic vision surface view; and (6) a fully integrated HWD concept. The fully integrated HWD concept is a head-tracked, color, unlimited field-of-regard concept that provides a 3-D conformal synthetic view of the airport surface integrated with advanced taxi route clearance, taxi precision guidance, and data-link capability. The results of the experiments showed that the fully integrated HWD provided greater path performance compared to using paper charts alone. Further, when comparing the HWD with the HUD concept, there were no differences in path performance. In addition, the HWD and HUD concepts were rated via paired-comparisons the same in terms of situational awareness and workload. However, there were over twice as many taxi incursion events with the HUD than the HWD.

Proceedings Article | 27 April 2007 Paper

Synthetic vision systems: operational considerations simulation experiment

Lynda Kramer, Steven Williams, Randall Bailey, Louis Glaab

Proceedings Volume 6559, 655903 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.717684

KEYWORDS: Heads up displays, Fourier transforms, Light sources and illumination, Synthetic vision, Visualization, Visibility, Navigation systems, Databases, LCDs, Safety

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Proceedings Article | 20 May 2006 Paper

Crew and display concepts evaluation for synthetic/enhanced vision systems

Randall Bailey, Lynda Kramer, Lawrence Prinzel

Proceedings Volume 6226, 62260G (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.666711

KEYWORDS: Heads up displays, Visualization, Forward looking infrared, Fourier transforms, Control systems, Enhanced vision, Raster graphics, Image fusion, Error analysis, Synthetic vision

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Proceedings Article | 25 May 2005 Paper

Flight test comparison between enhanced vision (FLIR) and synthetic vision systems

Jarvis Arthur, Lynda Kramer, Randall Bailey

Proceedings Volume 5802, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.604363

KEYWORDS: Heads up displays, Forward looking infrared, Synthetic vision, Databases, Enhanced vision, Raster graphics, Sensors, Visibility, Error analysis, Situational awareness sensors

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Proceedings Article | 25 May 2005 Paper

Flight testing an integrated synthetic vision system

Lynda Kramer, Jarvis Arthur, Randall Bailey, Lawrence Prinzel

Proceedings Volume 5802, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.601757

KEYWORDS: Heads up displays, Databases, Synthetic vision, Radar, Forward looking infrared, Sensors, Visibility, Neodymium, Enhanced vision, Safety

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Proceedings Article | 25 May 2005 Paper

Development and evaluation of 2D and 3D exocentric synthetic vision navigation display concepts for commercial aircraft

Lawrence Prinzel, Lynda Kramer, Jarvis Arthur, Randall Bailey, Jason Sweeters

Proceedings Volume 5802, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.602931

KEYWORDS: Neodymium, Synthetic vision, 3D displays, 3D vision, Navigation systems, Databases, Visualization, Heads up displays, Enhanced vision, Visibility

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Proceedings Article | 8 September 2004 Paper

Flight simulator evaluation of display media devices for synthetic vision concepts

Jarvis Arthur, Steven Williams, Lawrence Prinzel, Lynda Kramer, Randall Bailey

Proceedings Volume 5442, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.541387

KEYWORDS: Heads up displays, Head-mounted displays, Head, Visualization, Synthetic vision, Error analysis, Safety, Databases, Enhanced vision, Photography

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Proceedings Article | 11 August 2004 Paper

Latency requirements for head-worn display S/EVS applications

Randall Bailey, Jarvis Arthur, Steven Williams

Proceedings Volume 5424, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.554462

KEYWORDS: Head-mounted displays, Visualization, Heads up displays, Control systems, Virtual reality, Head, Synthetic vision, Safety, Eye, Copper

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Proceedings Article | 11 August 2004 Paper

Pathway concepts experiment for head-down synthetic vision displays

Lawrence Prinzel, Jarvis Arthur III, Lynda Kramer, Randall Bailey

Proceedings Volume 5424, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.545580

KEYWORDS: Synthetic vision, Safety, Heads up displays, Visibility, Visualization, Navigation systems, Visibility through fog, Human-machine interfaces, Imaging systems, Error analysis

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Proceedings Article | 11 August 2004 Paper

Pathway design effects on synthetic vision head-up displays

Lynda Kramer, Lawrence Prinzel, Jarvis Arthur, Randall Bailey

Proceedings Volume 5424, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.543937

KEYWORDS: Heads up displays, Synthetic vision, Error analysis, Navigation systems, Visibility, Visualization, Safety, Raster graphics, Control systems, LCDs

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Proceedings Article | 23 September 2003 Paper

CFIT prevention using synthetic vision

Jarvis Arthur, Lawrence Prinzel, Lynda Kramer, Randall Bailey, Russell Parrish

Proceedings Volume 5081, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.487291

KEYWORDS: Heads up displays, Neodymium, Synthetic vision, Error analysis, Databases, Fourier transforms, Statistical analysis, Navigation systems, Visualization, Device simulation

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Proceedings Article | 16 July 2002 Paper

Flight test evaluation of tactical synthetic vision display concepts in a terrain-challenged operating environment

Randall Bailey, Russell Parrish, J. Arthur, R. Michael Norman

Proceedings Volume 4713, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.474423

KEYWORDS: Heads up displays, Synthetic vision, Databases, Raster graphics, Visualization, Safety, Visibility, Situational awareness sensors, Navigation systems, LCDs

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Proceedings Article | 12 July 1999 Paper

VISTA NF-16D programmable display system flight test

Randall Bailey, Thomas Landers

Proceedings Volume 3689, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.352831

KEYWORDS: Head-mounted displays, Heads up displays, Injuries, Displays, Safety, Neck, Control systems, Avionic systems, Transmitters, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 11 August 1998 Paper

VISTA NF-16D programmable display system development

Randall Bailey, Thomas Landers

Proceedings Volume 3362, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.317428

KEYWORDS: Head-mounted displays, Heads up displays, Head, Displays, Sensors, Video, Safety, Transmitters, Optical tracking, Interfaces

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Proceedings Article | 18 June 1997 Paper

Helmet-mounted display technology on the VISTA NF-16D

Gregory Underhill, Randall Bailey, Steve Markman

Proceedings Volume 3058, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.276649

KEYWORDS: Heads up displays, Head-mounted displays, Missiles, Interfaces, Displays, Computing systems, Head, Visualization, Rapid manufacturing, Video

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