Alexander Korneev, Alexander Divochiy, Yury Vachtomin, Yulia Korneeva, Irina Florya, Michael Elezov, Nadezhda Manova, Michael Tarkhov, Pavel An, Anna Kardakova, Anastasiya Isupova, Galina Chulkova, Konstantin Smirnov, Natalya Kaurova, Vitaliy Seleznev, Boris Voronov, Gregory Goltsman
Superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD) is a planar nanostructure patterned from 4-nm-thick NbN film
deposited on sapphire substrate. The sensitive element of the SSPD is 100-nm-wide NbN strip. The device is
operated at liquid helium temperature. Absorption of a photon leads to a local suppression of superconductivity
producing subnanosecond-long voltage pulse. In infrared (at 1550 nm and longer wavelengths) SSPD outperforms
avalanche photodiodes in terms of detection efficiency (DE), dark counts rate, maximum counting rate and
timing jitter. Efficient single-mode fibre coupling of the SSPD enabled its usage in many applications ranging
from single-photon sources research to quantum cryptography. Recently we managed to improve the SSPD
performance and measured 25% detection efficiency at 1550 nm wavelength and dark counts rate of 10 s-1. We
also improved photon-number resolving SSPD (PNR-SSPD) which realizes a spatial multiplexing of incident
photons enabling resolving of up to 4 simultaneously absorbed photons. Another improvement is the increase of
the photon absorption using a λ/4 microcavity integrated with the SSPD. And finally in our strive to increase the
DE at longer wavelengths we fabricated SSPD with the strip almost twice narrower compared to the standard
100 nm and demonstrated that in middle infrared (about 3 μm wavelength) these devices have DE several times
higher compared to the traditional SSPDs.
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