Mr. Paul F. Turner Profile

Paul F. Turner

Senior Vice President, CTO at BSD Medical Corp

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Proceedings Article | 10 February 2007 Paper

Advances and historical developments of MW hyperthermia and the relevance to thermal ablation

Paul Turner, Thomas Youd, P. Scott Turner

Proceedings Volume 6440, 64400P (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.725066

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Microwave radiation, Tumors, Antennas, Temperature metrology, Medium wave, Liver, Radiotherapy, Skin, Synthetic aperture radar

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Early work utilizing MW energy for thermal treatment or ablation of tissues such as liver using coherent phased arrays began in 1979. This early work involved the use of multiple interstitial antennas driven with the same phase and equal power at 915 MHz through the use of a power splitter. Early models of the antenna utilized a hypodermic needle that was transformed into an antenna by the deployment of an insulated coaxial central wire beyond the end of the needle. Early unpublished treatments of tissue phantoms and swine liver demonstrated the feasibility of such a design for selective tissue damage, but sufficient image and targeting methods had not been sufficiently developed to support such applications. MW therapeutic technology was subsequently commercialized in combination with invasive radiation therapy called brachytherapy. For this application coherent arrays of coaxial antennas were inserted into cancerous tumors. Initial investigators would deploy these into the tumor through 14 gauge plastic angiocatheters. In later procedures, the antennas were inserted into the same closed-end plastic catheters used for insertion of the radiation sources. MW energy delivery through the walls of closed-end plastic catheters and numerical pretreatment planning has been in clinical practice since 1984. Recent development of numerical models, split tissue equivalent phantoms with IR imaging, and tissue ablation studies have led to new insights in microwave ablation applications. Current research will improve ablative heat therapy with increased temperatures and power to improve stand alone thermal treatments.

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