Mr. Ningzhi Xie Profile

Ningzhi Xie

at Univ of Washington

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SPIE Journal Paper | 9 March 2023 Open Access

Large field-of-view short-wave infrared metalens for scanning fiber endoscopy

Ningzhi Xie, Matthew Carson, Johannes Fröch, Arka Majumdar, Eric Seibel, Karl Böhringer

JBO, Vol. 28, Issue 09, 094802, (March 2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.28.9.094802

KEYWORDS: Short wave infrared radiation, Infrared radiation, Microscopes, Infrared imaging, Endoscopy, Design and modelling, Light sources and illumination, Endoscopes, Zemax, Point spread functions

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SignificanceThe scanning fiber endoscope (SFE), an ultrasmall optical imaging device with a large field-of-view (FOV) for having a clear forward view into the interior of blood vessels, has great potential in the cardiovascular disease diagnosis and surgery assistance, which is one of the key applications for short-wave infrared biomedical imaging. The state-of-the-art SFE system uses a miniaturized refractive spherical lens doublet for beam projection. A metalens is a promising alternative that can be made much thinner and has fewer off-axis aberrations than its refractive counterpart.AimWe demonstrate a transmissive metalens working at 1310 nm for a forward viewing endoscope to achieve a shorter device length and better resolution at large field angles.ApproachWe optimize the metalens of the SFE system using Zemax, fabricate it using e-beam lithography, characterize its optical performances, and compare them with the simulations.ResultsThe SFE system has a resolution of ∼ 140 μm at the center of field (imaging distance 15 mm), an FOV of ∼ 70 deg, and a depth-of-focus of ∼15 mm, which are comparable with a state-of-the-art refractive lens SFE. The use of the metalens reduces the length of the optical track from 1.2 to 0.86 mm. The resolution of our metalens-based SFE drops by less than a factor of 2 at the edge of the FOV, whereas the refractive lens counterpart has a ∼ 3 times resolution degradation.ConclusionsThese results show the promise of integrating a metalens into an endoscope for device minimization and optical performance improvement.

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