Levitated optomechanics have invited growing interest partly due to their capabilities to reach high Q factors, >109, and for studies in force sensing, fluctuation theorems, nanothermodynamics and macroscopic quantum systems, to name a few. A levitated anisotropic particle, untethered from its environment can exhibit a rich spectrum of rotation and translational motion. Rotational motion is acutely dependant upon the size and shape of an object and the proprieties of the light which imparts angular momentum to the particle. It is also highly susceptible to changes to its environment, i.e. gas pressure or external conservative and non-conservative forces.
In this talk, I will present the latest efforts in rotational optomechanics, specifically looking at how rotation, libration, nutation and precession motion can arise in levitated systems, as well as the realisation of state control for rotating systems. Finally, I will present a proof-of-principle experimental work on precession motion, which we use for detecting optical torque as small as, $10{^-23}$ Nm, with the potential to reach torque sensitivities of 1$10^{-31}$ Nm/$\sqrt{Hz}$ [Rashid et al Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 253601].
Following advances in levitated optomechanics, we explore levitated electromechanics (LE) as a novel alternative method for trapping and controlling micro- and nanoparticles. LE provides an opportunity to circumvent the limitations of traditional optical tweezers, allowing robust trapping of particles with a wide range of sizes and compositions, from metals to biological material. This platform also offers a clear route to miniaturization, force sensing and signal processing. We present the theory of LE, and the latest experimental efforts in realising a levitated electromechanical system with all-electrical detection and state control.
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