Current trends in astronomical research necessitate a large number of small to medium sized telescopes be commissioned
to support and augment the science goals of larger ground-based observatories and space observatories. The science
mission requirements for these telescopes vary widely, yet the critical design requirements for the telescopes are largely
consistent across many missions. This paper clarifies the critical functional and performance parameters of a gimbaled
telescope system as dictated by three significant classes of telescope missions: laser transmission, wide area surveys and
pointed surveys. Within these classifications several specific example science missions are considered from which
specific telescope functional requirements are derived. Detailed telescope performance requirements are then evaluated
from a systems engineering perspective, highlighting typical performance that may be expected from a modern
telescope. Additional commentary is provided on the probable feasibility of upgrading older facilities in contrast to
commissioning new telescopes systems.
Based on the predictions of the NSF / NOAO sponsored ReSTAR report, it is assumed that the demand for highobservation-
volume pointed surveys will increase rapidly within the next ten years. A case is made for the high science
value of high gimbal slew rates on the basis of effective throughput in pointed survey applications.
KEYWORDS: Microelectromechanical systems, In vivo imaging, Power supplies, Blood pressure, Energy harvesting, Transducers, Ferroelectric materials, Polarization, Polymers, Ferroelectric polymers
A simple design study is conducted to investigate the feasibility of using piezoelectric materials in a power supply for an in vivo MEMS application. An analysis is presented comparing the 33- and 31- modes of operation for a piezoelectric generator. It will be shown that a transversely loaded membrane (31-mode) or thin plate element has a mechanical advantage in converting applied pressure to working stress for piezoelectric conversion. A design study is carried out using a square PZT-5A membrane driven by a fluctuating pressure source (blood pressure). The expected power output from a 1cm 2 plate is calculated for a range of thicknesses, along with the power output from a 9micrometers thick plate for a range of areas. Additionally, the feasibility of providing intermittent power instead of continuous power or increased excitation frequency will be shown. The primary conclusion of this analysis is that an in vivo piezoelectric generator on a size scale of 1cm 2may be able to power a MEMS application in the (mu) W power range continuously, and up to the (mu) W range intermittently.
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