Tissues are characterized by a strong scattering of visible optical radiation, which prevents one from achieving deep-tissue imaging. We propose a computational imaging technique for the inference of specific macroscopic, spatial phase distribution features of the scattering media. The spatial phase distribution is reconstructed from several defocused intensity images. We empirically demonstrate the method by reconstructing the location of two fibula chicken bones, embedded within chicken breast tissue. The suggested technique is safe, using visible laser illumination, and noninvasive. It is also cost-effective since a simple optical system is used and the images are acquired using a conventional camera, and it does not require interferometric detection as well as direct access to the object in absence of the layer.
A long-term live-imaging workstation to follow the development of cultured neurons during the first few days in vitro (DIV) is developed. In order to monitor neuronal polarization and axonal growth by live imaging, we built a micro-incubator system that provides stable temperature, pH, and osmolarity in the culture dish under the microscope, while preserving environment sterility. We are able to image living neurons at 2 DIVs for 48 h with a temporal resolution of one frame for every 2 min. The main features of this system are its ability to adapt to every cell-culture support, to integrate in any optical microscope, because of the relatively small dimensions (9.5×6.5×2.5 cm ) and low weight of the system (<200 g ), and to monitor the physiological parameters in situ. Moreover, we developed an image-analysis algorithm to quantify the cell motility, in order to characterize its complex temporal-spatial pattern. The algorithm applies morphological image processing operations on the temporal variations occurring in the inspected region of interest. Here, it is used to automatically detect cellular motility in three distinct morphological regions of the neurons: around the soma, along the neurites, and in the growth cone.
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