Dr. Lia V. Almeida Profile

Dr. Lia V. Almeida

at Auburn Univ

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 April 2007

Laterally actuated multicontact MEMS relay fabricated using MetalMUMPS process: experimental characterization and multiscale contact modeling

Lia Almeida, Ramesh Ramadoss, Robert Jackson, Koji Ishikawa, Q. Yu

JM3, Vol. 6, Issue 02, 023009, (April 2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.2744240

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Multicontact MEMS relays laterally actuated using electrostatic comb-drive actuators are reported. The relay consists of a movable main beam anchored to the substrate using two identical folded suspension springs. Multicontact RF ports consist of five movable fingers connected to the movable main beam and six fixed fingers anchored to the substrate. Comb-drive actuators located at the top and bottom ends of the main beam enable bidirectional actuation of the RF contacts. The MEMS relays were fabricated using the MetalMUMPs process, which uses 20-µm-thick electroplated nickel as the structural layer. A 3-µm-thick gold layer was electroplated at the electrical contact surfaces. An example MEMS relay with planar contacts of area 80 µm×20 µm and a spacing of 10 µm between the movable and fixed contacting surfaces is discussed. The overall size of the relay is approximately 3 mm×3 mm. "Resistance versus applied voltage" characteristics of the MEMS relay have been measured for applied DC bias voltages in the range of 172 V to 220 V. A multiscale rough surface contact model was used to estimate the actual electrical contact resistance versus applied force curve of these devices. The multiscale model showed good qualitative agreement with the experimental measurements but requires more refinement to achieve good quantitative agreement.

Proceedings Article | 6 January 2006 Paper

Experimental and theoretical investigation of contact resistance and reliability of lateral contact type ohmic MEMS relays

Lia Almeida, Koji Ishikawa, Q. Yu, R. Jackson, R. Ramadoss

Proceedings Volume 6111, 61110F (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.659785

KEYWORDS: Relays, Microelectromechanical systems, Resistance, Reliability, Actuators, Data modeling, Nickel, Gold, Humidity, Amplifiers

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Reliability of electrostatically actuated ohmic contact type MEMS relays has been investigated. Multi-contact MEMS relays using electrostatic comb-drive actuators has been used in this study. The MEMS relays were fabricated using MetalMUMPs process, which uses 20 μm thick electroplated Nickel as the structural layer. A 3 μm thick gold layer was electroplated at the electrical contact surfaces. The overall size of the relay is approximately 3 mm x 3 mm. The relay consists of a movable main beam anchored to the substrate using two identical folded suspension springs. RF ports consist of five movable fingers connected to the movable main beam and six fixed fingers anchored to the substrate. Comb-drive actuators located at the top and bottom ends of the main beam enable bi-directional actuation of the RF contacts. An example MEMS relay with planar contacts of area 80 μm x 20 μm and a spacing of 10 μm between the movable and fixed contacting surfaces is discussed. Resistance versus applied voltage characteristics has been studied. For an applied DC bias voltage of 172 V, the movable fingers make contact with the fixed fingers. The resistance versus applied voltage characteristics has been measured for an applied bias voltage in the range of 172 V to 220 V. A multiscale rough surface contact model was used to estimate the actual electrical contact resistance versus applied force curve of these devices. Reliability testing has been carried out and the resistance variation of the MEMS relay over 80 x 10⁵ actuation cycles has been measured.

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