Phase-coupled arrays of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) constitute a particular class of two-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) structures in which the refractive index varies periodically in the plan normal to the beam propagation direction. The relatively simple implementation of these structures via lithography techniques permits the exploration of novel PhC configurations and the realization of novel spatial-mode-controlled VCSEL array structures. We review here the properties of VCSEL-based PhC structures realized using Bragg mirror patterning. Design and control of the photonic envelope functions in these devices using a variety of PhC homostructures and heterostructures are demonstrated and discussed. Potential applications of these structures in high power VCSELs, dynamic beam switching and optical image processing are mentioned.
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