Mr. Kaspar Cottier Profile

Kaspar Cottier

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Proceedings Article | 26 March 2002 Paper

Thickness-modulated waveguides for integrated optical sensing

Kaspar Cottier, Rino Kunz, Guy Voirin, Max Wiki

Proceedings Volume 4616, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.463824

KEYWORDS: Refractive index, Waveguides, Sensors, Integrated optics, Diffraction gratings, Optical sensing, Molecules, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Reflection, Biological and chemical sensing

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Novel sensor chips for evanescent wave sensing have been developed and investigated for various (bio-) chemical applications. A preferred integrated optical sensing scheme requires an array of independent sensing pads being present on the chip, each one of them having two different regions for in- and out coupling of the optical readout beam. We present a novel chip type, where this goal is achieved by thickness variations of the waveguiding film and one single grating period. The sensor chips consisted of a 300 nm thick Ta₂O₅ waveguide deposited on a glass substrate structured with a uniform grating of 360 nm period. By this optical structure a first coupling angle was defined. Sensing pads with a different coupling angle were realized by etching the film at selected regions down to a thickness of about 150 nm. The performance of the novel chips was demonstrated in various refractometric sensing applications. The experiments included cover medium refractive index variation as well as monitoring of affinity binding of small molecules. A very high resolution of 3x10^-8 in the effective refractive index was achieved. The emphasis of this paper is on describing this approach and on presenting optical chip characterization methods together with modeling results.

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