Immunoassays have been widely used in commercial, scientific and medical research for detection and quantification of analytes in complex mixtures. There is however a need for a point-of-care, multiplex diagnostic assays capable of providing rapid and quantitative measurements of analytes present in samples that are sufficiently simple to carry out without use of a laboratory or individuals trained in chemical analysis. We are developing a fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay platform to perform simultaneous, multiplexed detection of analytes in a complex fluid mixture along with instrumentation to optically quantitate the analytes in the sample. Our prototype imaging system is based on conventional 16-bit CCD optics, which enables the development of a rugged diagnostic instrument that can be further scaled down for point-of-care applications. We have compared protein microarrays with lateral flow assays (LFAs) to determine the sensitivity of each system for the measurement of distinct proteins in complex samples. We are pursuing the LFA platform such that it can easily be scaled to meet the requirements of any given screening application, and be implemented for use in a medical or surgical setting.
Protein arrays are emerging as a practical format in which to study proteins in high-throughput using many of the same techniques as that of the DNA microarray. The key advantage to array-based methods for protein study is the potential for parallel analysis of thousands of samples in an automated, high-throughput fashion. Building protein arrays capable of this analysis capacity requires a robust expression and purification system capable of generating hundreds to thousands of purified recombinant proteins. We have developed a method to utilize LLNL-I.M.A.G.E. cDNAs to generate recombinant protein libraries using a baculovirus-insect cell expression system. We have used this strategy to produce proteins for analysis of protein/DNA and protein/protein interactions using protein microarrays in order to understand the complex interactions of proteins involved in homologous recombination and DNA repair. Using protein array techniques, a novel interaction between the DNA repair protein, Rad51B, and histones has been identified.
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