Collusion tolerance is an essential requirement for digital fingerprinting, and existing collusion-resistant encoding and
tracking methods are generally based on combinatorics. However, those methods have some deficiencies such as low
tracking efficiency and large fingerprint database for matching. Owing to those weaknesses, a hybrid fingerprint
encoding method based on residual characters is proposed in this paper. The fingerprint is generated by encoding the
user information into a binary image composed of letter, numeral and Chinese character. As a result of the complex
structure of Chinese character, more residue characters can be reserved when the fingerprint is damaged. Thus, the
fingerprint has a good performance in anti-tampering. Meanwhile, it has the capacity for large users because of the
diversity of Chinese character. In addition, the paper proposes a tracking method based on grid feature, which greatly
reduces the computational complexity and improves the tracking efficiency. The robustness and collusion tolerance of
the digital fingerprinting scheme are confirmed by theoretical analysis and experimental results.
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