KEYWORDS: Data centers, Internet, Network architectures, Defense systems, Systems engineering, Control systems, Computing systems, Switches, Space operations, Defense technologies
This paper discusses and proposes the architectural framework, which is for data center networks. The data center networks require new technical challenges, and it would be good opportunity to change the functions, which are not need in current and future networks. Based on the observation and consideration on data center networks, this paper proposes; (i) Broadcast-free layer 2 network (i.e., emulation of broadcast at the end-node), (ii) Full-mesh point-to-point pipes, and (iii) IRIDES (Invitation Routing aDvertisement for path Engineering System).
Label switching technology enables high performance, flexible, layer-3 packet forwarding based on the fixed length label information mapped to the layer-3 packet stream. A Label Switching Router (LSR) forwards layer-3 packets based on their label information mapped to the layer-3 address information as well as their layer-3 address information. This paper evaluates the required number of labels under traffic-driven label mapping policy using the real backbone traffic traces. The evaluation shows that the label mapping policy requires a large number of labels. In order to reduce the required number of labels, we propose a label mapping policy which is a traffic-driven label mapping for the traffic toward the same destination network. The evaluation shows that the proposed label mapping policy requires only about one tenth as many labels compared with the traffic-driven label mapping for the host-pair packet stream,and the topology-driven label mapping for the destination network packet stream.
KEYWORDS: Virtual colonoscopy, Asynchronous transfer mode, Switches, Scalable video coding, Switching, Prototyping, Computer architecture, Packet switching, Clouds, Control systems
Architecture overview of cell switch router (CSR), that is one of actual implementation using label switching paradigm, and the CSR prototype system supporting standard ATM interfaces are described. CSR can operate both with PVC (permanent virtual connection) and with SVC (switched virtual connection) as the VC for cut-through packet forwarding. CSR contains cell switch fabric and IP packet switch fabric to achieve high throughput IP forwarding. IP packets are forwarded either through a cut-through packet transmission, in which packet are forwarded without reassembling IP packet nor IP header processing, or through a conventional hop-by-hop IP packet forwarding. This paper describes and proposes the mechanism to forward the connectionless IP packet flows at the CSR. A CSR prototype system has developed. The CSR prototype system uses PVC and SVC connections to transfer the IP packets. With the CSR prototype system, we can make sure that CSR system could establish the cut-through packet transmission path between the adjacent node with acceptable establishment delay, that was less than few hundred second. The SVC connections for cut- through packet transmission are established on demand using ATM Forum UNI 3.0 or UNI 3.1.
KEYWORDS: Asynchronous transfer mode, Clouds, Data modeling, Switching, Internet, Performance modeling, Switches, Local area networks, Packet switching, Internet technology
Framework of IP packet delivery with high throughput and small latency using ATM technology in large scaled internets is proposed, while keeping the current subnet model. Router has the mapping functionality between flow-identifier (e.g. in IPv6 header) and VPI/VCI value to forward IP packets cell-by-cell, rather than the conventional packet-by- packet forwarding. By using this cut-thru IP packet forwarding, both resource reservation oriented IP packet flows (i.e. IP packet flow provided by RSVP) and nonresource reservation oriented IP packet flows (i.e. best effort service) experience less packet delivery latency and obtain higher throughput, compared to the conventional hop-by-hop packet forwarding does. In order to perform the cut-thru IP packet forwarding using cell relaying capability in the router, routers exchange the information how the IP packet flows are aggregated into ATM- VCC. This information exchanging is hop-by-hop base, and the cut-thru decision is a matter of every router's local decision. With the hop-by-hop cut-thru IP packet forwarding, soft-state oriented and scalable QoS-ed high speed communication platform can be provided.
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