In recent years, Argentina and countries of the region, have suffered epidemics associated with arboviruses, mainly Dengue and more recently Zika and Chikungunya. On the other hand, since the worldwide pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), people’s health and the economic support of their countries have been seriously affected. It is necessary to have economic and faster diagnostic tools that allows evaluating samples of patients with symptoms. With this objective, diagnostic systems called point of care have been recently developed. These systems are defined as medical diagnostic testing at or near the point of care (that is, at the time and place of patient care). Specifically, in this work, a bio-photonic device has been developed. This instrument is able to detect certain diseases by means of a luminescence spectral analysis. This method can be conducted for saliva samples. The system consists in the fluorescence signal detection generated by a specific probe of the target viral genome, that coupled to isothermal amplification reaction, allowing the detection of the pathogen in the sample. The device excites the sample to be analyzed with light (led or semiconductor lasers with specific wavelengths) thus it triggers a spontaneous emission of the fluorophore bound to the specific probe. The emitted fluorescence is suitably filtered using interferential filters. These filters limit the spectral regions and allow discriminating the analysis band. Under these conditions, a signal is registered in a built-in detector and, depending on the signal level, define the case as positive or negative. All the analysis is done autonomously inside the developed device through an integrated control system and it is connected to a portable device to show the results wirelessly.
In this work we introduce a new approach to fabricate under SiN platform a small foot print power splitter. The proposed strategy of design is based on the well-known simplified coherent coupling. The sensibility of design parameters are also analyzed and discussed in this paper. By this approach very compact device can be designed and it opens a new avenue to improve and enhance the performance of integrated devices developed under silicon nitride scheme.
In this paper, we propose a new sensing topology based on a differential power analysis, using an array of photonic sensors. The system structure is composed of a 1x4 balanced power divider, three Bragg gratings, and a reference branch. In particular, we present an analysis of the individual sensing parameters of the Bragg gratings, as well as the procedure to be followed in order to optimise the design parameters of the sensing system. The designs were verified with simulations by different numerical methods. Finally, a substantial reduction of the detection limit is demonstrated by easy-to-implement signal post-processing.
The recent development of sources able to deliver laser pulses with a duration of a few optical cycles has created many opportunities for fundamental research. Few-cycle laser pulse sources are now commercially available and are able to deliver energetic pulses (tens of micro-joules) at a MHz repetition rate. With such an extremely short pulse duration (<10 fs FWHM at 800 nm), the amount of energy required to reach the breakdown threshold in dielectrics is minimal, thus suggesting that few-cycle laser pulses are a very promising tool for reducing the heat affected zone and therefore the amount of thermo-induced stress during and after irradiation in transparent materials. In this article, the potential relevance of few-cycle laser pulses for microprocessing fused silica is examined. In particular, we demonstrate the fabrication of optical microstructures in the volume as well as on the surface of undoped fused silica.
Femtosecond laser pulse systems allows to modify in a precise and permanent way the optical properties of a transparent materials. This process enables the direct writing of guiding structures in materials, commonly known as waveguides, which are the base for optical circuit fabrication. It is our interest to study the main characteristics of the waveguides manufactured by the laser micromachining technique. Here, an analysis of the resulting refractive index profile has been carried out. This characteristic is essential for the design and simulation of integrated optical circuits. In particular we have developed our research on the study of light coupling in a pair of type II waveguides made in Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3). These experimental backgrounds provide us with elements to adjust and test the retrieved profile. Taking into account different distance between tracks and writing energies, it is well known that the coupling length changes and the coupling ratio too. Then this study allows us to reconstruct the refractive index profile according to its manufacturing conditions. Modeling of the refractive index distribution profile is a key parameter to perform beam propagation mode simulations (BPM) to achieve more realistic results. So, by means of this method it is possible to obtain a general procedure to describe the characteristics of these kinds of waveguides. As a model test, integrated waveguides were built to corroborate their light coupling. In a first stage it is designed through BPM simulations then it is manufactured in an X-cut LiNbO3 crystal in order to check its operation according to the simulations carried out.
An optical fiber ring resonator (OFRR), a wavelength sensor for testing a single-mode laser system in a wide range of temperature, is presented. We will show that it is possible to calibrate, in relative form, a scale of wavelength, to determine, accurately enough, a thermally induced laser detuning, using the free spectral range of an OFRR. The optical circuit was constructed using 2 × 2 (50/50) optical fiber coupler obtaining an OFRR of 10-cm ring radius. A single-mode diode laser system has been launched into the OFRR, and different experiments have been performed. We tested the OFRR performance, considering fluctuations in the laser wavelength caused by small temperature instabilities, measuring the output intensity from the ring resonator. Theoretical simulations and experimental results were in agreement with the expected behavior. Furthermore, OFRR systems can be used as an excellent control tool to test the wavelength stability for a narrowband laser diode and act as a part of a control system.
In this work we have studied the fragmentation of gold nanoparticles (NPs) after generation by femtosecond laser
ablation of a solid target in deionized water. The fragmentation process was carried out using two different types of
radiation: direct ultra-fast pulses and super-continuum radiation focused in the colloidal solution. In the former case, IR
pulses were applied both in low and high fluences regime, while in the latter, super-continuum was generated by an
external sapphire crystal. In this last case, to assess the effects of the different spectral bands present in the super-continuum
for fragmentation, we have determined different efficiency regions. From the analysis of optical extinction
spectra and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) histograms we can conclude that the main mechanism is linear
absorption in the visible region. Likewise, the super-continuum generated in water during fragmentation resulted more
efficient than that obtained externally by the sapphire crystal. This fact can be attributed to the broadening of the water
continuum band originated due to large intensity used for generation. TEM and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS)
measurements support the results found from optical extinction spectroscopy.
This work deals on the fabrication process of diffraction gratings made on Lithium Niobate substrates by means of focusing femtosecond laser pulses. The main optical features of these photonic structures are presented in this paper. As it was expected the relief gratings showed high diffraction efficiency in accordance to the index modulated profile of the crystal-air border resulting in this kind of diffractive structure. On the other hand, for the inside grating a higher diffraction efficiency for the first orders were found, however the overall diffraction efficiency was found to be similar to that obtained for the ablation structures made in this work; this result suggests that the index increment in the inside grooves should be very important. The thermal stability of these structures is also studied and discussed in this paper. It is found that for the relief gratings the diffraction efficiency is temperature independent up to 400°C degrees, while for the inside gratings a slight decrease on diffraction efficiency was observed after making a thermal annealing at 400°C during two hours. The grating fabrication method presented in this work can be a powerful tool for development of several photonic devices made inside/on Lithium Niobate by using femtosecond laser writing by means of the one step process.
Fabrication characterization and operation stability of Zn-indiffused integrated optical devices in lithium niobate are described. Two examples of the operation of active waveguides fabricated by this technique are presented: laser operation of Nd3+ doped channel waveguides, and blue light generation by Quasi Phase Matching (QPM) using periodically structured substrates. In both cases ne-polarized high power denstiy CW-optical beams are involved and stable room temperature operation is sustained.
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