This paper describes a compact adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AO-SLO) for high-resolution retinal
imaging. The key features of this system are: (1) incorporation of a dual liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator
(LCOS-SLM) as a wavefront compensation device and (2) sequential processing of aberration
measurement/compensation and SLO imaging. The dual LCOS-SLM can compensate higher order aberration with high
stabilization and realizes high-efficiency wavefront correction without polarization dependence. The sequential
processing can fully utilize the power of the light to a retina only for the imaging, so the system produces high-contrast
SLO images. The sequential processing also enables the use of lenses in ocular optics, giving a compact optical system
with focus correction lenses for an eye with high reflective error. The optical system occupies only 500 mm x 370 mm,
which is achieved by axially symmetric aspherical mirrors arranged off-axis and lenses in ocular optics. With this system,
it is possible to observe photoreceptors at the parafoveal region of human healthy subjects at 32 or 64 frames per second.
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