The Er:YAG laser has gained significant interest in the field of oral surgery due to its high water absorptivity, precision and patient acceptance. However, its application is limited by the lack of a contact-free feedback system which would enable safe laser guidance. In this work, a potential new, robust feedback modality based on speckle-analysis is presented which detects the acoustic signals produced during laser surgery. Oral soft- and hard tissue samples are investigated ex-vivo for its differentiation capability using the speckle modality. This technique might help to broaden the clinical application of Er:YAG lasers.
Photoacoustic Tomography combines the advantages of optical and acoustic imaging as it makes use of the high optical contrast of tissue and the high resolution of ultrasound. Furthermore, high penetration depths in tissue in the order of several centimeters can be achieved by the combination of these modalities. Extensive research is being done in the field of miniaturization of photoacoustic devices, as photoacoustic imaging could be of significant benefits for the physician during endoscopic interventions. All the existing miniature systems are based on contact transducers for signal detection that are placed at the distal end of an endoscopic device. This makes the manufacturing process difficult and impedance matching to the inspected surface a requirement. The requirement for contact limits the view of the physician during the intervention. Consequently, a fiber based non-contact optical sensing technique would be highly beneficial for the development of miniaturized photoacoustic endoscopic devices. This work demonstrates the feasibility of surface displacement detection using remote speckle-sensing using a high speed camera and an imaging fiber bundle that is used in commercially available video endoscopes. The feasibility of displacement sensing is demonstrated by analysis of phantom vibrations which are induced by loudspeaker membrane oscillations. Since the usability of the remote speckle-sensing for photo-acoustic signal detection was already demonstrated, the fiber bundle approach demonstrates the potential for non-contact photoacoustic detections during endoscopy.
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