Prof. Eberhard Hartung Profile

Prof. Eberhard Hartung

at Christian-Albrechts-Univ zu Kiel

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Proceedings Article | 18 June 2024 Poster + Paper

A weed control approach in Christmas tree production based on tree crown detection using remote sensing and deep learning

Leif Harders, Thorsten Ufer, Andreas Wrede, Stephan Hussmann, Eberhard Hartung

Proceedings Volume 12998, 129981A (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3016507

KEYWORDS: Deep learning, Agriculture, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Sustainability, Remote sensing, Object detection, Global Positioning System

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Advanced information technologies, such as the fifth-generation mobile networks (5G), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), and artificial intelligence (AI), build the foundation for integrated autonomous systems in smart agriculture that contribute to the sustainable transformation and optimization of agricultural processes, such as weed control. Weed control is a particular challenge for specialty crops, as it is labor-intensive, and the widely used chemical weed control is increasingly subject to legal restrictions. A new Regulation on the Sustainable Use of Plant Protection Products was adopted by the European Commission in 2022 that targets to reduce the use of chemical pesticides by 50% by 2030. This paper proposes a sustainable weed control approach based on tree crown detection using remote sensing data and evaluates the state-of-the-art deep learning architectures YOLOv4-tiny, YOLOv4-tiny-3l, and YOLOv7-tiny using a five-fold cross-validation with image inputs sizes of 832 x 832 and 1152 x 1152 pixels. The deep learning architectures are trained and evaluated with a custom dataset of 63 individual UAV-based images with 1,380 transplanted three-year-old Christmas trees under normal production conditions. The selected deep learning models achieve an average precision (AP) at an intersection over union (IOU) threshold of 0.5 above 97%, showing that all selected architectures are suited for this specific application. Neither a significant interaction effect nor significant main effects of the deep learning architecture or the image input size could be observed on the AP.

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