Reported is the use of DNA to template the assembly of nanowires and protein-functionalized nanogap electrodes. Specifically, the use of DNA to template the assembly of gold nanowires between conventionally patterned gold contacts on a silicon wafer substrate. Also the use of DNA to template the assembly of protein-functionalized gold nanogap electrodes on a silicon wafer substrate. Of particular significance is the finding that suitably modified gold nanoparticles recognize and bind selectively the protein-functionalized nanogap between the above electrodes and are localized there. This and related work forms part of a broader effort directed toward the development of the alternative bottom-up fabrication technologies that will be needed to extend Moore's Law beyond 2012.
A redox molecule (acceptor) is attached, using a surface chelate (spacer), to a semiconductor electrode (donor). Such donor-spacer-acceptor complexes, referred to as heterodyads, offer the prospect of testing important aspects of the theory of heterogeneous electron transfer (ET) at the semiconductor electrode-liquid electrolyte interface (SLI). Specifically, potentiostatically controlled ET from the conduction band of the semiconductor electrode to a redox species held at a fixed distance and orientation with respect to the SLI is possible. Extending the above approach, a modified SLI has been prepared at which potentiostatically controlled vectorial electron flow leading to long-lived charge trapping is possible. Specifically, a spacer-acceptor I-acceptor II complex is adsorbed at a semiconductor electrode to form a heterotriad. Application of a potential more negative than the potential of the conduction band at the SLI results in acceptor I mediated reduction of acceptor II. The reduced form of acceptor II is stabilized and long-lived charge trapping results. Efficient light induced charge separation by vectorial electron flow at the above modified SLI is also possible.
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