KEYWORDS: Detection and tracking algorithms, Signal processing, Sensors, Interference (communication), Array processing, Matrices, Data processing, Phased arrays, Telecommunications, Super resolution
In signal processing, it is often necessary to decompose sampled data into its principal components. In adaptive sensor array processing, for example, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and/or Eigenvalue Decomposition (EVD) can be used to separate sensor data into “signal” and “noise” subspaces. Such decompositions are central to a number of techniques, such as MUSIC, ESPIRIT, and the Eigencanceller. Unfortunately, SVD and EVD algorithms are computationally intensive. When the underlying signals are nonstationary, “fast subspace tracking” methods provide a far less complex alternative to standard SVD methods. This paper addresses a class of subspace tracking methods known as “QR-Jacobi methods.” These methods can track the r principal eigenvectors of a correlation matrix in O(Nr) operations, where N is the dimensionality of the correlation matrix. Previously, QR-Jacobi methods have been formulated to track the principal eigenvectors of an “exponentially windowed” data correlation matrix. Finite duration data windowing strategies were not addressed. This paper extends the prior QR-Jacobi methods so as to implement rectangular sliding data windows, as well as other windows. Illustrated examples are provided.
High resolution radars use wide bandwidth waveforms to create images of unknown objects. In military systems, such radar images can be used for target identification and discrimination functions as long as the time sidelobes are kept low. However, the need for low sidelobes imposes constraints on the design of the radar in general, and the signal processing in particular. Furthermore, since military radars must operate in the presence of strong interference, wideband Adaptive Beam Forming techniques (ABF), such as Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP), are needed.
This paper describes signal processing techniques for wideband digital radars that utilize stretch processing at each receiver. It analyzes the impact of stretch ABF techniques on time sidelobes, showing how sidelobe levels depend on the ABF architecture. It describes the impact of channel errors on time sidelobes and null depth, and proposes a digital filtering architecture for channel equalization, digital beamforming, and STAP.
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