3D nanofabrication via Two-Photon Polymerization (TPP) provides a unique capability of flexibly fabricating complex structures over 1D-3D dimensions and µm-cm scales with resolutions below 100 nm. In the past years, the Laser-Assisted Nano Engineering (LANE) Group at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) has been working closely with the Laboratory of Laser Energetics (LLE) in developing practical TPP approaches to fabricating various target structures for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF). At the same time, fuel capsules for ICF experiments should be inspected for surface and wall-embedded defects. Plastics materials [e.g., for example polystyrene (PS)] are the common materials used to make fuel capsules. However, during their manufacturing, capsules usually contain defects (vacuoles) embedded inside the shell walls, which may distort the implosion processes and influence the ICF performance of the capsules. The size of vacuoles is usually in a range from 100 to 2000 nm. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscope offers the capabilities of inspecting and characterizing the capsule defects. Moreover, cryo-CARS microscopy was developed to explore how fuel isotope distributed inside target when icing that could not be diagnosed before.
Single-mode, multi-fiber expanded-beam connectors (EBCs) were fabricated based on a two-step process using coreless glass fibers and two-photon polymerization (TTP) 3D printing technique. First, coreless glass fibers were spliced onto a single-mode fiber ribbon and then precisely laser-cleaved to the ideal length. A micro-lens array was directly laser printed onto the coreless fiber extensions using the TPP technique to create the expanded, collimated output beam. Coupling loss measurements at 1310 nm between two 3D-printed EBCs matched the results of simulations. The high spatial resolution of the TPP technique avoids cumbersome active alignment procedures, and thus enables low-cost, high-throughput optical connectivity solutions.
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