The Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline (CLC) phase self-organizes into a helicoidal structure that results in periodic, hierarchical organization of the LC director creating a 1-D photonic bandgap exhibiting selective reflection. We explore electrical reconfiguration of fully solid CLC elastomers (CLCEs) as dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs). Application of an electric field causes a hypsochromic shift in the reflection resulting in a tunable electro-optic device. The electromechanical response (Maxwell stresses) in this system results in fast switching speeds, localized control, and reversible tuning. We further show how manipulation of the elastomer network has a large effect on the tunability of the electro-optic response.
A series of 2,7-disubstituted organogold(I) fluorenyls has been synthesized with full ground-state and optical characterization. Gold(I) is attached to the fluorenyl carbocycle through direct C–Au σ-bonds, or through intervening alkynyl linkages. The new complexes are dual fluorescence and phosphorescence emitters, leading in some cases, to apparent white light emission. Excited-state dynamics have been measured by ns and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, and rate constants for radiative and nonradiative decay, and intersystem crossing, have been obtained. Both fluorescence and phosphorescence originate from metal-perturbed ligand-centric charge-transfer excited states. Compositions of the relevant frontier orbitals were calculated from density-functional theory.
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