A small-sized two-frequency fluorometer based on the method of laser-induced fluorescence has been developed. This complex is intended for use on a remote-controlled uninhabited underwater vehicle (ROV) for simultaneous monitoring of oil products dissolved in sea water and assessing the state of phytoplankton communities. The spectrometer has passed full-scale tests on ROV of observation class RB-660D in the waters of the Amur Bay (Vladivostok) when submerged to depths of about 20 meters. The developed methodology and equipment can be used both for ecological monitoring of underwater areas in the presence of pollution in the form of dissolved oil products, and for assessing the damage caused by these pollutions to phytoplankton communities.
The paper presents a developed complex for monitoring and liquidation of emergency oil spills on the sea surface based on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). For the monitoring function, a software component with elements of artificial intelligence is proposed that allows for the process of spill detection and semantic segmentation of oil slicks, followed by an assessment of the area and volumes of marine pollution. To eliminate oil spills, it is proposed to use dispersant spraying from an experimental UAV. Individual elements of the developed tools and methods were tested both in the course of laboratory tests and in the course of system monitoring of port water areas, and showed high efficiency.
A hardware-software complex based on UAVs with the possibility of splashdown for monitoring marine areas for the detection of oil spills and discharge of bilge water has been developed and assembled. Using the assembled complex, laboratory measurements of the induced fluorescence spectra of solutions of low-viscosity marine fuel DMA were performed under conditions of solar illumination and implemented a software component with elements of artificial intelligence for semantic image segmentation to identify oil spills on the sea surface.
A program for recognizing oil spill on the sea surface, based on an artificial intelligence element, was developed and tested on the example of real oil pollution in Peter the Great Bay for use on an unmanned aerial vehicle. The feature of the spectra of broadband radiation ascending from the sea surface is analyzed. It is concluded that the method of recording the spectra of the ascending radiation can be used to detect heavy oil fractions on the sea surface. A software algorithm for the formation of datasets of spectra of induced fluorescence of sea water containing various dissolved grades of petroleum products has been developed and tested. A machine learning procedure has been carried out to create a program element for classifying the type of oil hydrocarbons dissolved in seawater.
Limits of detection of concentrations for dissolved samples of Medium fuel oil and Marine gas oil were measured by two frequency of laser induced fluorescence with 266 and 400 wave length and 100 fs pulses duration. Dynamics of fluorescence spectrums of different types of oil products was investigated.
Dependence of filamentation thresholds were investigated as well as filamentation special spread and supercontinuum generation concerning concentration of chlorophyll A photosynthetic pigment. Energy thresholds of filamentation origin were identified in sea water samples. It was observed that rise of chlorophyll A concentration led to rise of filamentation origin threshold. As chlorophyll A concentration rise the efficiency of radiation transformation reduces (radiation of basic harmonic of titan-sapphire laser onto supercontinuum spectrums in wave length range from 420nm to 680 nm).
The spectral bands shape of sea water Raman scattering and laser induced fluorescence of chlorophyll A were experimentally investigated when scattering and fluorescence induced by the different wavelength and duration of laser radiation. The femtosecond laser pulses with 400, 480, 500 nm of wavelength, nanosecond impulse (532 nm) and continuous laser radiation (527 nm and 400 nm) were used in these experiments. The spectral line shape of the sea water Raman scattering is Gauss function corresponding to the symmetrical vibrations (ν1) when femtosecond laser pulses were used. Maxima corresponding to the Fermi resonance (2ν2) and antisymmetric vibrations (ν3) were not detected.
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