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Multifield theories are powerful frameworks able to manage complexities arising in the modelling of
physical phenomena. In the mechanics of active materials a multifield theory, consisting in balance and constitutive equations,
may be constructed by assigning to each point of the solid an additional parameter (the morphological descriptor) which accounts
for the activation mechanisms at the level of microstructure. The main elements of multifield theory applied to continuum mechanics
are given. The relevant equations of the problem of a cantilever beam of
conductive polymer subject to flux of ions are reported to show the coupling between chemical (ion concentration) and mechanical
behaviour (end deflection).
Massimiliano Gei andLorenzo Magnarelli
"The role of multifield theories in the modelling of active materials", Proc. SPIE 6168, Smart Structures and Materials 2006: Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD), 61680J (17 March 2006); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.658787
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Massimiliano Gei, Lorenzo Magnarelli, "The role of multifield theories in the modelling of active materials," Proc. SPIE 6168, Smart Structures and Materials 2006: Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD), 61680J (17 March 2006); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.658787