We develop an optical temperature mapping modality, termed Single-shot Photoluminescence Lifetime Imaging Thermometry (SPLIT). Synergistically combining dual-view optical streak imaging with compressed sensing, SPLIT records wide-field luminescence decay of Er3+, Yb3+ co-doped NaGdF4 upconverting nanoparticles in real time, from which a lifetime-based 2D temperature map is obtained in a single exposure. Largely advancing existing optical thermometry techniques in detection capabilities, SPLIT enables longitudinal 2D temperature monitoring beneath a thin scattering medium and dynamic temperature tracking of a moving biological sample at single-cell resolution. SPLIT will be applied to early melanoma diagnosis and extended to the near-infrared spectral region.
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