This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 13188, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and Conference Committee information.

Virtual reality (VR) has become a popular teaching tool in recent years and is increasingly utilized in various fields, including physical education. This study examines the adoption of VR technology within physical education, exploring its potential impact on body movements compared to traditional methods. Employing the ADDIE instructional design framework, VR applications are crafted by integrating principles of motor learning alongside the technology acceptance model (TAM). Individuals aged 19 to 23 years old were segregated into VR and traditional (TR) cohorts, participating in various activities such as zig-zag runs, jumping jacks, rope skipping, and obstacle jumps. By measuring heart rate changes before and after activities, the study examines the effectiveness of VR in inducing bodily responses similar to traditional methods. Additionally, interviews with five students provide insights into their perceptions of the technology. Results indicate the widespread appeal and perceived utility of VR in physical education among participants, highlighting its ease of use and efficacy in enhancing learning experiences.

Knowledge is a crucial aspect of an organization's performance and values, encompassing professional intellect, creativity, experience, and shared ways of working. Knowledge Management (KM) is a process that involves creating, applying, sustaining,sharing, and renewing knowledge to improve performance and create values. Knowledge exists in raw forms like data, facts, and information, and KM transforms it into enduring value. Knowledge workers are considered the most valuable asset in today's world. KM is essential for successful businesses, but many organizations struggle with effective KM. Knowledge has two dimensions: explicit and tacit. Explicit knowledge is easily understood and transferred through media, while tacit knowledge is internalized and difficult to transfer. Organizations should share tacit knowledge with employees, even without an expert. The knowledge conversion identifies four types of data conversion: internalization, combination, socialization, and externalization. Externalization converts tacit information into explicit knowledge, articulating and storing inherent knowledge. Experts can be gathered through methods like interviews, questionnaires, self-analysis techniques, mathematical models, image representations, concept maps, discussions, and questionnaires. Concept maps are visual representations of relationships between concepts, aiding in clearer cognition and knowledge building. They are effective in critical analysis and organizing concepts, making them a crucial methodology for learning. Concept maps represent relationships among concepts, organizing knowledge and enhancing meaningful learning. Research suggests that knowledge is stored in the brain as productions.

People worldwide are becoming increasingly conscious about leading a healthy life. However, in the current busy day to day regimes, paucity of time to properly consult nutritionist for a customized food chart is certainly difficult for a lot of people due to which their health takes a back seat. Thus, a trustworthy technique for calorie and nutrient sustenance estimate in food is needed. The patient must record their daily food intake for monitoring, however due to factors including lack of nutrition, knowledge, or self-discipline, it is difficult for patients to analyze or regulate their daily intake. The proposed approach helps dieticians and patients calculate their daily calorie intake. It is a web-based approach employing computer vision for estimating fruit calories and vegetable calories that improves individual’s utilization propensities of wellness. The goal of the proposed work is to create an accurate and user-friendly calorie measurement system that can help individuals make more informed dietary choices and monitor their calorie intake. The proposed system can accurately measure the calories in 95% cases.

The ideas of a continuous t-norm and a continuous t-conorm, as well as algebra fuzzy metric-like space and E-algebra fuzzy metric-like space, are investigated in this work to consider and studied the notion of complete intuitionistic E-algebra fuzzy metric- like space. After that, the purpose of this study is to show how the Meir-Keeler fixed point theorem and the banach contraction theory may be used to get intuitionistic E-algebra fuzzy metric like spaces. In addition, we provide a non-trivial example to demonstrate our results.

Traffic congestion leads to wasted time, pollution, and increased fuel usage. Traffic congestion prediction has become a developing research topic in recent years, particularly in the field of machine learning (ML). The evaluation of various traffic parameters is used to predict traffic congestion by relying on historical data. In this study, we will predict traffic congestion in Amman city specifically at Northbound Street at 8th Circle using different ML classifiers. The 8th Circle links four main streets: Westbound, Northbound, Eastbound, and Southbound. Because of the heavy traffic on Northbound, it was chosen to predict traffic congestion. Datasets were collected from the greater Amman municipality hourly based. Datasets were divided and per-process to be understandable. The Logistic Regression, Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest, and multilayer perceptron (MLP) classifiers have been chosen to predict traffic congestion at Northbound Street linked with the 8th Circle. Four experiments were run under The Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) tools to find the best classifiers to predict traffic congestion at Northbound. The chosen classifiers have been evaluated using F-Measure, sensitivity, precision, and accuracy evaluation metrics. The obtained results from all experiments have demonstrated the Logistic Regression is the best classifier to predict traffic congestion. The accuracy of Logistic Regression to predict traffic congestion at Northbound Street was 97.6%.

Additive manufacturing 3D Printing plays an important role in sports industries to reduce and protect players from injury during the sports period. Additive manufacturing 3D Printing has involved several sports industries in manufacturing all sports parts through additive manufacturing 3D Printing example. Cricket industries, Football industries, Volleyball industries, Hockey industries, Badminton industries, Kabaddi industries, Running Athletics, Basketball industries, Gymnastics industries, Bodybuilding industries, and Golf industries. Tennis ball industries, Boxing industries, skiing industries, Rugby industries, Archery industries, Skateboarding industries, skipping industries, soccer industries, bowling industries, Cycling industries, bike and car racing industries, and video games industries. In those industries, additive manufacturing plays a huge role in reducing the sports parts with lightweight structure, exact accuracy, unimaginable design, and high resistance and strength to achieve the exact Compact model to perform well during the sports period. Additive manufacturing is one of the best and fastest-growing technologies in the world for reducing the material-weight ratio to achieve accuracy with high tensile strength. This is a major principle for additive manufacturing 3D printing in sports industries nowadays. There are so many accidents and injuries in sports industries, so additive manufacturing can compact the sports parts and protect the players from harm; today's additive manufacturing 3D printing is executing a large production quickly with great flexibility and reliable operation. Additive manufacturing 3D printing does not require any high-level tool to manufacture such sports products. CAD is the designing sector in additive manufacturing 3D printing.

This study aimed to create a Framework for utilizing AI in Education to assist in policy development and application by examining the use of AI technology in higher education institutions. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to gather data from students, academic staff, and stakeholders from various educational institutions in South Africa. Based on the findings, the study suggests an AI Education Policy Framework customized to fit the South African context, divided into four dimensions. The Pedagogical dimensions use AI to improve Research, Curriculum Development, and Teaching methods. The Governance dimension deals with Student Support Services and administration issues, including privacy and security, ensuring that AI technologies are used responsibly and ethically. Operationally, matters concerning infrastructure and training aim to provide resources and support for effective AI implementation. The study promotes understanding of the implications of AI in Education, emphasizing the importance of stakeholders' awareness and encouraging appropriate actions, a balanced approach to AI implementation in Education. Methodology - A Conceptual Framework for AI use in Higher Education is supported by a literature review, a survey of educator needs, and the researcher's experience in higher Education. Using Grounded Theory, Concepts and Categories that inform the themes supporting the proposed framework have been identified. The resulting framework ensures that AI technologies are used effectively in the context of higher Education while addressing the specific needs of educators and students. Findings - The study indicates the need for a framework that will serve as a guide for the ethical use of AI in Education. This framework should enable unlocking of AI's immense potential while ensuring alignment with ethical values. The guidance should include AI's use in research, curriculum development, instruction, and student administration. Adhering to this framework will enable higher education institutions to use AI responsibly and effectively, thereby improving overall quality of Education. Guidelines are crucial in ensuring that AI is utilized relatively and safely. Collaboration can help uphold ethical principles while enhancing the use of this Technology. Recommendations - Based on the study, the AI Framework should guide various aspects such as Research, Curriculum Development, Instruction, Student support, and administration in the education sector. AI can unlock new opportunities, industries, and jobs. The study highlights the significance of structure and skills in successfully implementing AI. Additionally, it stresses the need for capacity building and equipping the education sector to ensure optimal utilization of AI, which in turn can enhance learning outcomes and student success.

The purpose of this study was to determine housing development in Indonesia. A quantitative, descriptive research design was adopted for this study. A region's ability to access food can be significantly impacted by residential development. In order to assess how housing construction affects food security, this article will concentrate on three key areas: potential shifts in people's consumption patterns, land use change, and access to food supplies. To obtain pertinent data, the study approach uses literature reviews, field surveys, and geographical data analysis.

Wireless Sensor Networks are predominantly used in a wide range of applications because of their efficiency in providing solutions to many complex problems. However, the wireless sensor network presents few constraints to the applications. One of the important constraints is the limited battery power of a sensor node in the network. Hence, the energy efficient methodologies are important in these networks. The LEACH protocol is one of the popular energy efficient cluster-based methods for the wireless sensor network. In this paper, a new method called Multihop Voronoi LEACH protocol is presented, which is based on irregular clusters. The proposed method is used for saving the energy of a sensor during the communication process in wireless sensor networks. The method performance is analyzed by the results of the simulation.

Perovskite solar cells, also known as PSCs, have undergone significant advancements in photoelectric conversion efficiency and durability since the organic-inorganic hybridization polycrystalline was originally introduced in the discipline of optical technology. The possible commercial applications of PSCs are severely hampered by a number of problems related to flaws in PSCs, including energy shortages, ion migration, operation unpredictability, and repeatability. The genesis, categorization, nature, linkages, and overlapped consequences of faults in polycrystalline materials are described and evaluated here in an organized and thorough way. Shallow- and deep-level faults have characteristics according to their place in the electrical framework in relation to band borders, whereas point imperfections, undercoordinated particles, contaminants, and holes are classified using a dimension criterion. We review the existing theories on how harmful flaws cause non-radiative replication, charging entrapment and dispersion, ion immigration, and hyperbole, establishing a mostly unambiguous relationship between efficiency and flaws in films made of perovskite. Then, from a different angle, a summary of defect sterilization techniques is provided throughout the manufacturing pathway, covering film development, post-treatment, and interfacial architecture among the perovskite substrate and the charge transfer channel. On the basis of imperfect sterilization in the field, difficulties and recommendations to remove PSCs' commercialization roadblocks are put forth.

Industrial maintenance practices have been transformed by the integration of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and AI. In the context of the IIoT, this research article seeks to examine the efficacy of AI-driven predictive maintenance. This study investigates how AI can forecast machinery and equipment breakdowns, enabling prompt maintenance measures, and drastically lowering downtimes. It does this by utilizing cutting-edge machine learning techniques. The methodology, data sources, model building, and real-world consequences of AI-based predictive maintenance in IIoT are all thoroughly examined in this study.

In many studies addressing smartphone usage, reliance on self-reported data, typically collected through questionnaires, has been commonplace. However, these investigations often offered a broad overview of overall smartphone usage without delving into specific app categories. This study, in contrast, employed a dataset derived from a smartphone application that objectively recorded user activities, encompassing details such as accessed apps and the initiation and termination times of each app session. Our analysis focused on discerning patterns of social media engagement within the subset of SPACE app utilized. The inferential analysis utilized the Mann–Whitney U test. Notably, the findings unveiled that youngsters exhibit a higher smartphone usage duration compared to grownups. Additionally, a gender-based disparity was observed, with females spending more time on social media than their male counterparts. Furthermore, females demonstrated a higher likelihood of initiating social media apps in comparison to males. This research, grounded in objective data, provides a nuanced understanding of social media engagement.

In this article we show that , for an arbitrary graph E, L_R(E) is von Neumann regular implies L_R(E) is π-regular which implies E is acyclic. And we show If L_R(E) is strongly π-regular, then L_R(E) is π-regular.

Scientists believe that the world population will increase to 9.2 billion people. In this work, we present some mathematical models to predict the year when the world's population will reach 9.2 billion people after COVID-19. Next, the predict results of the models are investigated by the iterative method. We also find the four of these models predict that the year of 2039, the post COVID-19 world population will reach 9.2 billion. Finally, we illustrate the numerical results using some advantages of mathematical software to support the predict results of the models.

The marine industry extensively uses 3D printing to produce improved ships, boats, and other parts. How the production was implemented in marine transportation: The marine environment has been severely impacted by plastic pollution and petroleum transportation pollution over the past few decades, endangering the ozone layer and marine life. We must use 3D printing to manufacture boats and ships from plastic waste to preserve the marine environment and prevent major hazards. 3D printing is a technology used in the marine industry that reduces pollution through polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), and bio-friendly based polyamide (bio-PA). Polyhydrobutyrate was analysed. Polyhydric butyrate was chosen because of how quickly it biodegrades in marine conditions. To measure the effects of the suggested activities on the marine environment, a life cycle assessment (LCA) from birth to death. Most people who eat seafood worldwide can naturally consume all marine debris. Still, the majority of plastic waste is discarded into the ocean during shipping, which can automatically cause plastic pollution in marine life. Since plastic pollution is one of the biggest risks to marine life, eating seafood can lead to cancer or other diseases in many people, so additive manufacturing and 3D printing is the best solution to reduce environmental pollution in the ocean and shield all injuries from sea living beings.

Modern industrial lithium-ion batteries are susceptible to possible security concerns and early cell death due to typical organic fluid electrolytes' exceptionally high fluidity and combustibility properties. The holy grail for contemporary batteries with outstanding safety and high energy content is thought to be substituting fluid electrolytes with artificial solid-state equivalents and using Li metal anode electrodes. Yet, even though several prospective electrolytes made from solid-state materials have exceptionally high ionic conductivities, problems with the electrode/electrolyte interface end up being the main obstacle. The relationship between the chemistry of inorganic solid-state electrolytic solutions and the components of electrodes is given here, along with its difficulties and possibilities following current foundational knowledge. We will first concentrate on the features and processes of the interfacial arrangement, emphasizing that the dissatisfied interfacial reliability, equilibrium, and dendrites at issue are the primary barriers to developing high efficiency in the cells. The interface features such as contact/wettability, unchanged interfacial responses, insufficient interfacial Li⁺ stripping/plating manipulation, and Li dendrites that form the formation/propagation system will be examined accordingly.

This research aims to discover and analyze the symbolic meaning contained in the mowindahako ritual of the Tolaki Mekongga ethnic group in Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The method used in the research is qualitative descriptive, and research data was obtained from utterances spoken by the Tolaki community, namely traditional figures/spokespeople during conventional processions. The results of the research show that the mowindahako ritual (customary completion) of the Tolaki Mekongga ethnic marriage ceremony, apart from describing the traditional marriage procession, which is very important to know, is also essential to understand and use as a guide in the internal life of its supporters. This ritual is also full of cultural symbolic meanings, which include social, sacred, economic and responsibility symbols. In the traditional mowindahako procession, there is a communication function with the message conveyed, and it can be understood that the Tolaki Mekongga ethnic wedding ceremony expects everyone who gets married to have harmonious relationships within their family.

We investigate the topological properties that are transmitted locally to globally in a semi-invertible space and invertible space. The properties includes separability, lightly compactness, quasi S-closedeness, pseudocompactness etc. We also observe homogeneity and related properties and study how those properties are transfered from subspace to parent space in semi-invertible spaces and invertible spaces.

Vowel production in a Korean-Australian English bilingual single speaker was examined using personal computer-based analysis software, Pratt to compare Standard Australian English (SAusE) vowel production. Methods: The produced vowel quality of spectral and durational characteristics of Australian English stressed vowels were analyzed as first formant (F1), second formant 2 (F2), and temporal values. Results: Korean-English bilingual’s vowel production showed altered vowel spaces and durations from its’ SAusE. The trajectories of diphthongs showed unpredictable movements in contexts. Conclusions: The results implied that the speaker’s articulators were limited, affecting the variety of formant values, and the dominant language influenced the participant’s English vowel productions with a notable accent. Additionally, the vowel productions were affected by the varied consonantal environments. Vowel variations conveyed meaningful information of the speaker.

A potential waste-to-wealth strategy is electrolytic reduction of carbon dioxide, which uses energy from renewable sources to transform greenhouse gases into high-value goods. For instance, the CO₂-to-CO conversion creates an item that is easily usable in the hydrocarbon process and costs around 800 USD/tonne. Nevertheless, considerable progress must be made in the key metrics of performance, which will result in workable capital and operating expenses, before these kinds of innovations can be commercialized. To attain performance that is economically attractive, innovative catalysts, electrolyte gatherings, and cell layouts are all essential. Less attention has been paid to cell architectures and elements since the field of science is primarily focused on catalytic substances and reaction processes. This work, we described how a metal oxide-exchanging membrane was used in a zero-gap electrolyte cell to achieve unprecedentedly high electrochemical efficiency. We identified the driving forces behind this outstanding achievement and provided design ideas for potential scaling up.

Authentic leadership is a leadership style that emphasizes being true to oneself, demonstrating integrity, and building positive relationships with followers. The leaders basically act in a genuine and transparent way, allowing their true values, beliefs, and strengths to guide their actions. The research is emerging tremendously, with numerous studies exploring various aspects of authentic leadership, especially in business and management scholarship. This study aims to analyze the publications on authentic leadership in business, management, and accounting scholarship using bibliometric analysis techniques stemming from the Scopus database. We are presenting a brief analysis of Scopus data focusing on articles in English with business, management, and accounting as subject areas. This hopefully will provide an insight into the trend of publications, the most prolific journals and authors, research country, and affiliation distribution for this specific area of scholarship.

This research aims to add to the body of knowledge about positive organizational interventions by analyzing the influence of job crafting intervention (JCI) on employees' job crafting behaviors. The study utilized a quasi-experimental design. The treatment / experiment was a four hour long structured workshop on job crafting and its implementation. A pre-test and post-test methodology was used, and participants' initial job crafting levels were measured without prior knowledge and intimation. From this group the control and treatment group were divided and the later went through the job crafting intervention. Subsequently, four weeks after the intervention, both groups’ individual job crafting levels were measured using the same standardized job crafting scale. The intervention showed a significant positive effect on levels of job crafting. A mean difference of 4.2 to 4.8 (6-point scale) was observed respectively for the pre and post job crafting levels. A strong positive correlation was also found after the job crafting intervention in improving scores . All the results were tested and proved to be significant through the statistical tests. The research findings suggested that the job crafting intervention experiment successfully enhanced job crafting behavior of individuals. Participants' responses to an open-ended question and interaction at the end of the intervention reflected a positive impact, enabling them to relook at their jobs with more significant meaning. Further research should investigate additional factors influencing the intervention's effectiveness and long-term effects on professionals at workplace and performance.

Petrokimia Gresik is one of Indonesia's largest manufacturers of fertilizer. In order to fulfill its aspiration of being a fiercely competitive manufacturer of fertilizer and other chemical products that consumers most desire, and to facilitate the nation's fertilizer supply in order to accomplish the food self-sufficiency program, a dependable distribution system is prerequisite. A buffer warehouse is one element that guarantees fertilizer is distributed to farming areas in an efficient manner. The provinces of DIY, Banten, Bali, West Java, Central Java, and East Java are home to 162 buffer warehouses as of right now. East Java has the most warehouses out of the 162. With 75 buffer warehouses, East Java has more than any other province. Since it is expensive to distribute fertilizer to 75 buffer warehouses, it is important to consider restructuring the fertilizer distribution network in order to save distribution costs. Optimation model approach can be used to assess and make recommendations regarding the location and most efficient warehouse for distribution. Optimation model approach minimizes the numberIIof shortest distances multiplied by the numberIof demands from all demandInodes in a network, making it the best choice for solving this problem. Based on the lowest distribution costs—which include land transportation, loading and unloading, warehouse management, and warehouse rental costs—a set numberIof buffer warehouses will be chosen as intermediateIwarehouses. In order to meet demand in the East Java region, 25 intermediate warehouses were built, with a minimumItotal distributionIcost of IDR 220.463.873.320.

Sustainability has captured the attention of practically every industry in the modern world as world progresses towards appropriateness as a result of the changes in human lifestyle, behaviors, and technology, which has transformed industries, communities, and society at large. The job of packaging, according to the new environmental protection criteria, is not just restricted to protect the product; it also needs to be environmentally benign. Consequently, reusable or biodegradable packaging is gaining popularity with the belief that eco-packing will be future. The objective of the of the study was understanding the awareness of consumers about sustainability and their willingness to adopt sustainable package for perishable goods. Effective from July 2022, Government of Maharashtra has strictly mandated the plastic waste management rules by banning single use plastic for all businesses. Hence to evaluate the on-ground situation, authors have selected two major cities of Maharashtra: Pune and Mumbai to understand the consumers and seller’s perspective. This study revealed that most of the people supported the plastic ban but were not willing to pay an extra amount for sustainable packaging in place of plastic bags. The study examined the factors of convenience or environment conscience of consumers and seller’s.

Nanocrystals formed on a material surface in boundary layer flow boil are well known to modify the properties of the material surface, thus yielding positive heat transfer performance (CHF). They investigated the nanometre scale effect of hemodynamic improvement utilising coatings changed with synthetic microscopic, nanoscale, mixed femtohm constructions comparable to accumulated nanomaterial architectures by electrochemical anodization on a titanium metal radiator. An influence of capillary draining activity capability on CHF improvement owing to microscopic, mini, or femtohm organised substrates was investigated. By elevated observation of a capillary washing activity, research findings revealed that CHF augmentation just on the layer formed represented a synthetic femtohm structure's capillary draining intervention capabilities.

The abnormal movements often occur in shoulder region and they cause pains commonly. This study aimed to determine the most effective exercise to strengthen the subscapularis selectively among Lift off, Belly press and Prone wiper by investigating each exercise’s influence on muscle thickness. Forty subjects performed all exercises randomly. Before and after exercises, the muscle thickness was measured with an ultrasound. Paired t-test was used to compare the changes between before and after each exercise. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the effects among three exercises. The thickness of the subscapularis was significantly increased by all exercises. The thickness of the infraspinatus was significantly decreased by the Belly press, but significantly increased by the Lift off and the Prone wiper. More effective internal rotation performance was achieved by the Belly press than the other exercises. In conclusion, the Belly press is considered more effective to strengthen the subscapularis selectively.

Natural fabrics have attracted far more interest than at any time before from the global scientific community in recent years. Such natural fabrics have several advantages over standard fibreglass. This presentation focuses on the development and structural properties of a new class of bio-composites that use H. sabdariffa fibre as a reinforcing agent in a urea-formaldehyde (UF) bead matrix material. Tension, compression, and wear resistance of randomly distributed H. sabdariffa fibres in augmented concrete have been examined as a consequence of fibre content. Firstly, the ideal mechanical properties of urea-formaldehyde resins were evaluated. The polymer was then reinforced using H. sabdariffa fabric in three separate forms: grain size, shorter fibres, and lengthy fibres, using optimum resin. This current study shows that when supplemented with fibre, the fundamental characteristics of urea-formaldehyde resins, like tensile, compressive strength, as well as abrasion resistance, enhance significantly. Temperature and structural analyses of a resin as well as biomaterials have also been performed.

As Michael et al (1998) have indicated, a newly developed competitive landscape is largely based on the technology revolution and increasing globalization. To effectively navigate in this new competitive landscape, build and maintain a competitive advantage, requires a game theory that will be building strategic flexibility. To do this, we will suggest several models in which each new model will be built based on the findings of the previous model and propose to use the results of its. Besides, there are three types of players that are considered in these models: dominant players, similar players, and lagging players. The first model shows 2 similar players in which the player’s strategies, action curves are equal and well known to each player. In this model, where all players share an action curve, it may be difficult to encounter the appropriate action time. In the second model, we will consider how to find the action point when one player will be dominant while the other will be lagging. This model gives the first proposition if multiple players act at the same time and there is a dominant player which will win while the others will lose. In the next model, we will consider four players where one player has a dominant market success curve and the final player has a lagging market success curve in comparison to the two players who share a similar market success curve. And in the last model, there are players similar to model 3, but we add two players where one is the new most lagging and the other is the new most dominant and unknown curve. Finally, the finding proved that lagging companies should try to participate in the market before the dominant companies so that they can have the opportunity to become a chance of success in another closed market.

This research was conducted to determine the effect of Financial Literacy and Self-Control on Consumptive Behavior in Generation Z using Mobile Banking Services. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of independent components or variables consisting of Financial Literacy and Self-Control on Consumptive Behavior which act as the dependent variable, with Generation z using mobile banking services as the object. This research uses quantitative methods with descriptive and causal research types. Sampling was carried out using the non-probability sampling method used was purposive sampling, with a total of 400 respondents. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of simultaneous hypothesis testing, Financial Literacy and Self-Control have a significant effect on Consumptive Behavior in Generation Z using Mobile Banking Services. This is evidenced by Fcount>Ftable (4,856>3.018) with a significance level of 0.008<0.05. Based on the results of partial hypothesis testing (t test) it was found that the Financial Literacy variable had a significant and positive effect on consumptive behavior, and the self-control variable had a significant and negative effect on consumptive behavior. Based on the coefficient of determination, it was found that financial literacy and self-control were able to explain consumptive behavior by 2.4% and the remaining 97.6% were influenced by other factors not examined in this study. The conclusion of this study, Financial Literacy and Self-Control in Generation Z are in the good and very good categories, but there is something that needs to be considered again to further improve Financial Literacy and Self-Control in Generation Z, it is necessary to improve financial literacy education, especially regarding how to manage risk and the advantages of various types of credit for mobile banking users, especially the z generation and more controlling shopping behavior and increasing saving behavior.

Four separate techniques—box graphs, variogram skies, differential diagrams, and the local version of Moran's equation I statistic—were used to find 48 probable anomalies in data on air quality made concurrently in Detroit, Michigan, the United States, and Windsor, Canada's province of Ontario, in the years 2008 and 2009. Following that, an additional set of 12 anomalies for nitrogen oxides, organic volatile chemicals, overall benzene, toluene, methyl, a chemical called xylene, as well as particulates separated into two sized divisions, were reduced and chosen using either one of these approaches. The determined outlier has been employed to update the air contamination algorithms after being removed from the data collection dataset. Furthermore, employing time series information from the neighbourhood’s air quality sensors, both with and without the chosen anomalies, a set of dynamically adjusted atmospheric pollution models was created. In both municipalities, relationships with flare-up incidences have been combined at a postal sector production, and the impact of outlier elimination on the relationships was measured.

Final-year students are individuals in the early adulthood period who have almost completed all their studies and are currently writing their thesis. While completing a thesis, students will experience difficulties until they are threatened with dropping out. This research explores the process of building optimism in final year Hasanuddin University students threatened with dropout. This research, which was carried out at Hasanuddin University Makassar, was qualitative, using an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis approach. The subjects of this research were three individuals with undergraduate criteria who were at risk of dropping out, determined through a purposive sampling technique. The research results show that building optimism involves adversity, belief, consequence, disputation, and energization. Adversity findings, namely (1) difficulties in writing and research; (2) mentors who inhibit; (3) difficulty dividing time. Belief findings, namely believing that a thesis is complex and not necessary. Consequence, namely ignoring work on the thesis. Disputation, namely (1) perceived social support, (2) thinking about parents, (3) mindset. Energization findings reveal that individuals feel gratitude because of optimism.

In sports activities, sudden movements increase the incidence of knee injuries. Stabilization of the core helps prevent knee injuries in sudden movements. However, conventional knee injury prevention exercise programs tend to have a small proportion of the core and focus on knee strength. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of core stabilization exercise in single-leg landing in athletes frequently exposed to injury. Participants were recruited through advertisements attached to the hospital's internal bulletin board and participated voluntarily. Thirty-four athletes participated in the experiment, and the exercise program created after distribution to the core stabilization exercise group and the knee strengthening exercise group was applied. In the six-week intervention, the core stabilization group showed a significant improvement in dynamic knee valgus angle and dynamic balance ability compared to the knee strengthening exercise group (p<0.025). It should be considered to increase the proportion of core stabilization exercises in the exercise program to prevent knee injuries in athletes. Begin the abstract two lines below author names and addresses. The abstract summarizes key findings in the paper. It is a paragraph of 250 words or less. The abstract section should be self-contained (i.e., no numerical references) and substantive in nature, presenting concisely the objectives, methodology used, results obtained, and their significance. Avoid use of equations and complex fractions.

To estimate the increase in Tensile strength of the aluminium alloy AA5083 when reinforced with silicon carbide nanoparticles and carbonized eggshell powder (ESP). The experimental samples of the reinforced aluminium alloy metal matrix composite were prepared by stir-casting method. A G-Power calculation of 80% was used to determine the number of samples per group to be 20. The twenty sample specimens of as cast aluminium alloy AA5083 were the control group, twenty sample specimens of aluminium alloy AA5083 reinforced with 10% carbonized eggshell powder and 2% & 4% nano silicon carbide made up the experimental groups. The ASTM E8-95 standard was followed for the tensile strength testing. The average tensile strength of as cast AA5083 was found to be 233.15 MPa. The mean tensile strength for AA5083+10%ESP+2%SiC novel metal matrix composite was found to be 252.70 MPa. The mean tensile strength for AA5083+10%ESP+4%SiC novel metal matrix composite was found to be 263.70 MPa. Within the limitations of this study, the metal matrix composite with 4% weight percent of nano silicon carbide microparticles and 10% weight percent of eggshell powder as filler materials had a 13% relative increase in tensile strength compared to the as cast AA5083.

The advancement of digital technology in the modern era of globalization has a positive influence on the Indonesian economy, especially changes in payment methods. With the advancement of digital technology that is increasingly advanced, payment methods using cash, ATM cards, and transfers via ATMs are starting to switch to digital payment systems. Considering also that during the Covid 19 pandemic the government advised the public to reduce physical contact in order to inhibit the spread of Covid 19, this had an impact on changes in people’s behavior in making transactions. ShopeePay is an electronic wallet (E Wallet) that is often used by various groups in Indonesia because it is easy, safe and satisfying. Currently, this E Wallet is present in more than 500 cities and districts in Indonesia and will continue to expand its acceptance so that it can reach more users. The method used in this research is quantitative research methods with descriptive research type. The population used in this research is students who live in South Tangerang and use E Wallet with a sample size of 400 respondents. The analysis techniques that will be used are the classical assumption test and multiple regression analysis. Based on the results of research using descriptive analysis with the help of SPSS for Windows software, it shows that digital marketing, brand trust, have a significant simultaneous and partial influence on the decision to use E Wallet.

There is extensive contamination of sediments by previous instances of persistent organic contaminants, and restoration is frequently required to clear up highly polluted locations. Before and following measurements of pollutant absorption allow for a more accurate evaluation of cleanup success. Nevertheless, a variety of bioavailable measuring techniques were created, making it difficult for professionals to choose one. In this work, the ability to distribute DDT and its degradants in sediments after modeled remediation procedures was assessed using three distinct bioavailable testing techniques: solid-state microextraction (SPME), Tenax, the process of desorption, and the isotopic diffusion technique (IDM). Each of the three techniques effectively predicted similar levels of modifications to bioavailability following amending with carbon dioxide, activated burning charcoal, or sands in relation to the unchanged materials. Observations from several techniques were statistically associated with one another after being normalized over the unaltered control, with coefficients near 1. The identical finding was also found using sea sediment from a Hazardous location. This result indicates that several techniques may be employed to gauge the effectiveness of rehabilitation. But when it came to identifying modifications to accessibility, Tenax adsorption or IDM consistently delivered higher sensitivity than SPME. Findings from this study demonstrate the need to take solubility into account whenever assessing rehabilitation efficacy and offer suggestions for choosing bioavailable measuring techniques for these evaluations.

The purpose of this study is to describe environmentally friendly purchasing behavior and its considerable influence on purchasing transactions for environmentally friendly cosmetics vs chemical cosmetics in Indonesia, as mentioned in this paper. Many cosmetic goods are banned worldwide owing to the usage of harmful ingredients such as triphenyl phosphate and petroleum. To avoid negative environmental and health implications, it is required to shift from conventional to environmentally friendly purchasing behaviors (GPB). The purpose of this study is to evaluate Green Purchase Behaviour (GPB) and its impact on purchasing transactions for environmentally friendly cosmetics against chemicals in Indonesia. By using systematization and bibliometric analysis to discuss Green purchase behavior in this work. To draw some important conclusions about the authors and literature of this topic from the investigation.

Student citizenship behavior encompasses a wide range of actions and attitudes that have a significant impact on the culture and environment within educational institutions. It has been shown to not only enhance academic performance but also shape students into responsible, engaged individuals. This type of behavior plays a crucial role in shaping a positive school culture, fostering meaningful relationships between students and staff members, and contributing to the overall sense of community within the school. Understanding the research landscape surrounding student citizenship behavior is essential for gaining valuable insights into this important area. Through bibliometric analysis, various aspects such as trends, authors, countries of origin, affiliations, publication types are examined to provide a comprehensive view of the scholarly work related to student citizenship behavior. We are leveraging the comprehensive Scopus database to access pertinent literature in the area of student citizenship behavior. Through advanced statistical analyses and visualizations, we delve into the intricate patterns and evolving trends within this research domain. Our findings uncovered a burgeoning interest in student citizenship behavior, exemplified by a notable rise in publications over time. Additionally, our study unveiled the multifaceted nature of research on student citizenship behavior, spanning across diverse disciplines including education, psychology, sociology, and leadership studies.

As these environmentally friendly components emerge in the aerospace industries, advancements in organic fiber-reinforced polymer composite technology have piqued the interest of industrialists and researchers. In this respect, manufacturing methods for functionally graded fabrics pose substantial problems due to the complicated nature of natural fibres, necessitating extensive wear research. The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of natural fibre direction upon the formability of NFRP materials using the Merchants concept to isolate sheared power from frictional power. The fibre alignment is changed from 0° to 90° with regard to a setting trend during the diagonal cutting operation on linear natural fiber-filled polymer composites. refers to a broad set of shear experiments that are also employed to look into the mechanical shear behaviour of fibres based on their direction. These findings confirm the basic model parameters, demonstrating the application of the "offers a product" concept to the milling assessment of additive manufactured materials. The shear and frictional energy that regulate the slicing behaviour and chip production of the NFRP material are greatly affected by fibre direction. The resulting milled surface is thus inextricably linked to the inherent fibre orientation.

The aim of this paper is to transform any sentence in English language to permutation B in symmetric group S₂₆ and then consider B-sets which are so important to help us to hid this sentence. Furthermore, new technical is given to generate non-classical topological space (Ω,τ^B) is generated using B-sets. Moreover, classical topological space is given by consider graph G(B), and then we can define subbasis by given a family D ωthat define a subbasis on The union of all subsets in the subbasis must be equal to the set G(B). After that, the basis that defines a topology 𝑇 on G(B) by taking all possible finite intersections of subsets of the subbasis. Next, we take all possible unions of sets from the basis.

Due to their chemical inaction and compliance with up-scaling processes, electrodes made from carbon have become extensively utilized in perovskite photovoltaic cells (PSCs), indicating that they are suitable for large-scale production. The difficulty of extracting metal ores as well as the paucity of essential components serve as additional evidence that back-contact in PSCs can't be effectively achieved using standard noble metal catalysts. In contrast, electrodes composed of carbon offer an ideal answer to these issues. The old processing batteries with metal electrodes still outperform them in terms of energy conversion effectiveness (PCEs), leaving a sizable performance difference. We suggest using low-temperature based on carbon (LB) electrodes to solve this issue since they have a number of significant benefits over mesoscopic elevated temperatures. 1) a wider range of available selected strata; 2) application to all perovskite crystalline techniques; 3) compliance with elastic substrate; and 4) a quicker installation procedure. In this study, we examine a variety of LB-paste formulation methods and depositing strategies that were originally created to enhance electrode conductance and interface engagement.

The implementation of Part 40 of the United States Code, Section 870, again for the 2008 requirements for massive motors, which highlighted PM, greatly improved particle material weight measuring procedures. Nevertheless, it is still necessary to increase knowledge and trust in mass assessments for small trucks, who are now bound to much more rigorous PM rules. The purpose of this study is to evaluate commonly manufactured particulate stream dilutors, with a particular emphasis on their equivalence with the conventional constant pressure sample tunnelling technique and their ability to produce consistent results at low particulate emissions standards. The three Left for the Future were tested concurrently throughout the government testing process, with repeated samples tested for primary FCS evaluation. The calibration as well as the parallelism experiments all revealed that the devices performed well. The end - expiratory metres for the transmembrane domains provided data that were within 2% of the calibrated standard. The PFDs also showed high level matching and may simply fulfil the Code 1060 standards for small trucks as well as the 870 criteria for all experiments done. During the Sftp test, greater disparities are detected for the primary evaluations as well as between CVSs and the various generally lasting’s, with disparities in HTC emission between its transmembrane domains as well as the CMS ranging between 18.5 and 0.8%, with only a mean pooling variance of 9.5%.

This experimental study aims to relate the hardness strength of the as cast aluminium alloy AA5083 and the metal matrix composite AA5083 reinforced with eggshell powder and silicon carbide nanoparticles. Composites were produced in three groups using the stir-casting method. The as cast aluminium alloy AA5083 having 20 sample specimens were used as the control group. The aluminium alloy AA5083 metal matrix reinforced with 10% carbonized eggshell powder (ESP) and 2% & 4% silicon carbide nanoparticle each having 20 sample specimens were used as the two experimental groups. The ASTM E10-15 standard was followed for the brinell hardness testing specimen. The G-Power used for determining sample size is 80%. The as cast AA5083 shows a mean surface hardness of 57.06 BHN. The metal matrix composites AA5083+10%ESP+2%SiC and AA5083+10%ESP+4%SiC were measured with mean surface hardness of 73.35 BHN and 82.85 BHN respectively. Within the limits of the study and the results obtained from the t-test, the hardness of the AA5083+10%ESP+4%SiC metal matrix composite shows significant increase by 45% compared with the as cast aluminium alloy AA5083.

Cooperative communication that integrates cognitive radio and non-orthogonal multiple access (CR-NOMA) is recognized as an emerging technology for fifth-generation and beyond wireless networks. However, security is still a critical issue because of the risk that confidential information will be overheard in wireless transmission environments. Besides, CR-NOMA is prone to eavesdroppers due to the increased usage of wireless signals. It is considered one of the major issues in enhancing the information security of CR-NOMA. The physical-layer security (PLS) appears as a powerful alternative to complement, or even replace, the traditional use of encryption-based approaches. Thereby, in this work, a novel bio-inspired metaheuristic optimization-based power allocation and relay-selection scheme (BMO-PARS) is proposed to enhance the security of physical-layer by maximizing the secrecy sum-rate in a cooperative relaying CR-NOMA system. First, the optimization problem is subject to the constraints of minimum data rate at each secondary user and maximum transmission power at the secondary base station and the relay is formulated. Next, the proposed scheme employs Improved Red Panda Lyrebird Optimization Algorithm (IRPLO) in order to use encryption techniques for achieving optimal joint relay as well as power allocation (PA). The benefits of IRPLO is that it accomplishes better balance between exploration and exploitation phases. Here, the message is delivered to the secondary users (SUs) through two phases in the scheme. In the first phase, the message is transmitted from the secondary base station (BS) to the relay, whereas in the second phase, it is relayed to the SUs. To deal with secrecy rate and delay in CR-NOMA, the best joint relays are chosen depending on the objective functions for maximizing the secrecy sum rate (SSR) and throughput. The BMO-PARS model is implemented using Matlab software and the performance is evaluated by comparing with prevailing methods. As a result, the implemented outcomes prove that the BMO-PARS model has attained a better SSR and throughput than the prevailing methods.

3D Printing has played a vital role in the automobile industry for the past few decades. Manufacturing the cars would take more than months, but nowadays, 3D printing rapidly produces cars with accuracy, low time consumption, and money. 3D Printing is one of the reliable operations for reducing manpower; it is more flexible to manufacture the cars with exact timing. SLS is one of the important technologies in the automotive industry. 3D printing and selective laser sintering for these operations have become transformative technologies in many fields and applications. The automobile industry is most commonly used in SLS technology to manufacture exact-sized cars. Powder bed technology is another important technology in the automotive industry. Powder bed technology is significant in the automobile sector since it drives the force behind automotive innovation. 3D printing plays a significant role in the automotive industry. In the SLS process, a laser fuses powder particles layer by layer into a solid item. Additive Manufacturing 3D Printing allows greater freedom for design engineers to manufacture cars with accurate design, timing, and speedy production. Automotive design engineers have no limitations when developing the design. Additive manufacturing allows the production of lightweight structures with high tensile strength and improved operation. Selective laser sintering has enabled the setting of boundaries per design engineer expectations. Additive Manufacturing 3D Printing is one of the most sophisticated technologies in the automotive market.

Numerous variables contribute to wide swings in the price of homes. Size, proximity to services, and other conveniences all play a role. However, in certain instances, these costs are not based on accurate value and are, instead, inflated. Many of us have probably come into situations in which the price of a home seemed excessively high for reasons that ultimately didn't matter to us. The goal of this work is to establish home values by considering a wide range of tangible characteristics. We need a model that takes into account all relevant factors to arrive at a fair pricing that works for both the buyer and the seller. For this reason, rather of depending on just one Machine Learning algorithm to make home price predictions, a combined approach is proposed. We can make sense of the various algorithmic outputs and formulate a rule that makes use of all these numbers. The cost of a home will be settled according to this guideline. The proposed approach would reduce errors and house price prediction precision also increases.