Minerals are natural compounds with certain chemical composition, which have stable phase interfaces and crystallization habits, and are of great significance for inversion of diagenetic and metallogenic geochemical characteristics and exploration. The use of remote sensing information to identify mineral types has achieved significant application results in the field of geology and mineral resources. In this paper, CASI-SASI-TASI airborne hyperspectral data and USGS standard spectrum library are used to establish a remote sensing image simulation method based on the combination of statistical model and Gaussian function, and the full spectrum remote sensing image with a spectral range of 425nm~12050nm and a spatial resolution of 2.25m is simulated. The simulated full spectral data were used to identify and extract 8 mineral information of limonite, hornblende, calcite/dolomite, high alumina sericite, medium alumina sericite, low alumina sericite, chlorite/epidote and quartz in Liuyuan area, Gansu Province, compared with the recognition results of airborne hyperspectral data, it was found that the two have strong consistency, this indicates that the simulated full spectrum remote sensing data in this article has strong practicality in identifying typical mineral information, and can provide important reference for the future development of spaceborne full spectrum high-resolution sensors and common key technologies.
Soil is an important link in the process of maintaining ecological balance, which is in the central position of connecting the organic and inorganic world in nature. As an important part of soil, mineral composition not only affects its physical and chemical properties, but also plays an important role in the adsorption and migration of heavy metals and organic pollutants in the ecological environment.In this paper, using the ZY-1-02D satellite hyperspectral data, combined with the USGS standard spectral library, analyze the overall spectral shape and local feature positions of soil mineral spectra.The method of combining spectral feature enhancement matching degree and feature parameter information extraction is used to extract typical minerals such as montmorillonite, kaolinite, calcite, dolomite, mica, hematite, and limonite in bare soil and invert its relative content,obtained the spatial distribution status and distribution characteristics of different soil minerals,it can provide theoretical basis for subsequent research on soil classification, soil physical and chemical parameter prediction, and provide technical support for soil fine mapping, utilization and protection of soil and mineral resources.
Coal gangue is one of the main pollution sources in coal mining area, which can cause air, water, land and vegetation pollution. Therefore, in order to protect the ecological environment, coal gangue is usually buried underground. However, with the influence of soil erosion and other human factors, coal gangue from historical landfills gradually exposed to the surface, mixed with sand, and became the source of pollution again. In this study, through the analysis of X-ray powder diffraction and spectrum of coal gangue samples in Ordos coal mining area, it is found that the coal gangue in this area contains kaolinite. Kaolinite has unique spectral characteristics in the short wave infrared spectrum, which can be recognized by hyperspectral remote sensing. China launched the GF-5 satellite on May 9, 2018, equipped with a hyperspectral imager called the Advanced Hyperspectral Imager (AHSI). It has a spectral range of 400-2500 nm, with spectral resolutions of higher than 5 nm in the VNIR and 10 nm in the SWIR, respectively. On the basis of data processing, kaolinite information is extracted from hyperspectral reflectance data. Based on the field sample validation and image spectral analysis, it is concluded that hyperspectral data of GF-5 can effectively identify kaolinite information. At the same time, it is found that the spectrum of kaolinite in coal gangue is obviously different from that of kaolinite in clay mining, and they can be distinguished. Therefore, the distribution of coal gangue in mining area can be indicated by the identified kaolinite information.
The loess area is located in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin. This area has a large area of ecologically sensitive areas and fragile areas, and it is the region with the most serious soil erosion in the country. A lot of loess is attached to the surface of the loess area, the vegetation is relatively sparse, and the seasonal rainfall is obvious. Therefore, the amount of soil erosion is large, which has a significant impact on the soil fertility of the loess area. At the same time, a large amount of soil erosion poses a huge challenge to environmental protection in the middle and lower reaches. Therefore, the problem of soil erosion is a key phenomenon that needs attention in the loess area. This paper takes the loess area of Tongwei-Zhuanglang area in Gansu Province as the research object, uses the multi-year remote sensing image classification data as the background (2000, 2005, 2010, 2015), combined with meteorological data (this data is released according to CRU The global 0.5° climate data set and the high-resolution climate data set for China released by CNERN were generated by the Delta spatial downscaling scheme in the Loess Plateau area), soil data, and soil parameter data (source 1 from the second soil census: 1 million Chinese soil maps), topographic data (DEM), vegetation coverage data, and the use of an improved universal soil loss equation (RULSE) model to carry out soil erosion in the region for many years (2000, 2005, 2010, 2015) Strength information extraction and classification. Contrast and analyze the degree of soil erosion in the area for many years, and evaluate the local soil erosion prevention measures. Studies have shown that from 2000, 2010, and 2015, the degree of soil loss gradually decreased, and the total amount of soil loss gradually decreased. However, due to the abnormally reduced precipitation in 2005, the soil erosion was generally low, which was an abnormal situation. Overall, soil erosion has continued to decrease in recent years, and the effects of soil and water conservation have been remarkable.
Remote sensing technology plays an important role in geological survey and plays an irreplaceable role. With the development of remote sensing technology, the appearance of hyperspectral remote sensing makes the application of remote sensing in geological and mineral fields have undergone a qualitative change. After nearly ten years of exploration and practice, the engineering application of hyperspectral remote sensing in geology and mineral resources has been preliminarily realized. With the launch of domestic hyperspectral satellites, it will further promote its application in geology and mineral resources. In this paper, the progress of engineering application of hyperspectral remote sensing in geology and mineral resources is summarized from the aspects of hyperspectral data processing, information extraction, information analysis, prospecting and prediction.
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