Optical lithography with high numerical aperture has a significant modulation effect on the polarization state of the light field, which affects the imaging quality of the system. Due to the selectivity of the optical system to the polarization state, incident different polarized light fields will change the imaging quality of the system. Therefore, studying the influence of the lithography system on the polarized light field is helpful to improve the imaging quality. The polarization effect of lithography system is calculated based on polarization ray tracing method in this paper. The polarization state changes of incident scalar light field and vector light field are analyzed, and the ellipticity and azimuth on the exit pupil of system is calculated.
We discuss the design of a digital laser communication receiver and its sensitivity test process. Laser communication is especially suitable for long-distance low-power micro–nano satellite links due to its narrow beam width, but the electro-optical noise situation of the micro–nano satellite platform is complicated and bad. Hence, it is necessary to introduce a digital laser communication receiver to flexibly suppress interference and noise to improve communication sensitivity. A digital laser communication receiver based on the avalanche photodiode (APD) is designed. Based on the principle of digital communication error probability, a high-sensitivity APD device is selected, and a digital receiving channel based on field programmable gate array is designed. The finite impulse response, the dynamic threshold, the baseband median, and other filtering algorithms are used to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio and enhance the detection sensitivity. At the same time, an 800-nm laser communication receiver sensitivity test experimental architecture is designed and the detection sensitivity experiment is carried out. The experiment indicates that the APD receiver achieves detection sensitivity at an Mbps rate better than −60 dBm. The digital filtering algorithm provides a filtering signal-to-noise ratio improvement of about 15 dB, which supplies a reference for the receiver design of micro–nano satellite laser communication.
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) today play an increasing role in many public missions such as border surveillance, wildlife surveys, military training, weather monitoring, local law enforcement and so on. Due to its advantages such as low life-cycle costs and fewer restrictions on use, UAV has become important military weapon, then Counter-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (CUAV) technology also become a research focus. Small drones that are not easily detectable have become an emerging threat. Low-cost and effective counter-UAV methods are explored for many countries. The CUAV technologies include traditional air defense weapon system, electronic warfare, UAV, laser weapons and so on. With the development of high-power lasers and continuous advances in beam control technology, CUAV laser weapons will become more practical.
The measurement of the angle between multiple optical axes is achieved by using a parallel light pipe with a Cassegrain structure. And proposed a method for the use of theodolite auxiliary measurement for this system. The system uses the value of deviation x and y of the crosshair on the two-dimensional plane to represent the vertical angle β 'and the horizontal angle α'. We have found the relationship between this variables by establishing a mathematical model and proved the correctness of this relationship is verified through experimental data by building an experiments while verifying the feasibility of the multi-axis consistency measurement method. The experimental data show that the total error of the optical axis is less than 12 ", which accords with the system index, and shows that the measurement method is real and effective.
In order to detect the parallelism of optical axis of photoelectric device accurately in large temperature difference environment, we design a measuring system based on Cassegrain structure. The system is adapt to the temperature range from −40° to +55° with the spectral bandwidth from 0.4μm to 12μm. According to the demand of temperature stability, the athermal structure of the system is analyzed and the compensation by different mechanical materials is carried out. The beam parallel deviation is less than 4" in different temperature. The experimental result shows that the system has good temperature stability.
KEYWORDS: Telecommunications, Laser communications, Signal detection, Laser systems engineering, Satellites, Signal processing, Optical communications, Process modeling, Visualization, Optical simulations
For an optical satellite link, the error sources that influence the pointing accuracy of the terminals include the attitude estimation error, ephemeris accuracy, and the boresight alignment error. It means an uncertainty cone (UC) exists for the spatial acquisition process. The acquisition process is a continuous adjustment for the visual axis of the two communication terminals, to enable them to detect the light signal from the other end, and finally realize the light closed loop. Beaconless acquisition algorithm and the corresponding acquisition process, modeling for spiral scan pattern and the simulation results of staring-scanning mode are presented. The UC scan range is 5 mrad, through the overlap with a spot divergence angle of 80 μrad, the total acquisition time is 98 s.
In This paper, we present an experimental design of measuring thermal expansion coefficient of the
carbon fiber optical tube based on the heterodyne laser interferometry. In the course of the experiment,
the error caused by the temperature changes of the external environment was considered, and the
compensation is carried out. The data of the experiment was recorded and analyzed. The curve of the
thermal expansion coefficient of the carbon fiber optical tube was close. The measurement of the
thermal expansion coefficient was finished within a small range of temperature changes. The thermal
expansion coefficient of the carbon fiber optical tube was 6 0.78 x 10-5m/ ° C − × , which was consistent
with the experience value. Athermalization for the supporting structure of the Cassette optical system
was designed according to the results of the experiment.
The contour shape of the Gaussian moth-eye antireflection microstructure elements is relied on the manufacturing method, the laser interference lithography technology, also effecting its’ reflectivity. This paper gives out the reflectance characteristics of the Gaussian moth-eye antireflection microstructure elements made on the monocrystalline silicon substrate at the mid-infrared with the method of RCWA. We analyzes the different influences on the reflectivity from the cycle, trench depth, wavelength and refractive index by the way of univariate. At last getting the result by MATLAB simulation: the reflectivity become least at the 1.7μm when the cycle between 1~3μm, about 0.05%; the largest reflectivity is about 14%, when the cycle is 1μm. Similarly, the trench depth has great influence on the reflectivity, the reflectance decreased and stabilized with growing of the trench depth. At the same time, the wavelength has influence on the reflectivity. These conclusions is beneficial to designing Gaussian moth-eye antireflection microstructure elements. The conclusion is got that when the angle of incidence different, the azimuth influences the reflectivity.
Atmospheric turbulence is one of the main factors that influence the spread of laser communication in the atmosphere affect, which will change the random distribution of the refractive index of air, and affect the image quality of the beam through the atmosphere seriously. To study atmospheric turbulence in order to grasp changes in atmospheric turbulence, by taking the appropriate methods to control and reduce the effects of atmospheric turbulence on the beam quality. In addition to studying atmospheric turbulence using experimental methods and theoretical analysis. Numerical simulation is an effective means to study the problem of turbulence. Zernike polynomials were used to produce atmospheric turbulence phase screen in this article. The phase structure function and the atmospheric coherence length were used to check whether the atmospheric turbulence phase screen is right or not. Simulation results were studied show that, the atmospheric turbulence phase screen generated with Zernike polynomial method was consistent with the theoretical values in the low spatial frequency components, but, the simulation results had big difference with the theoretical values in the high spatial frequency components. The reason is that Zernike polynomials method has some limitations. In addition, the distribution of turbulence in the atmospheric turbulence phase screen can be changed by increasing the Zernike polynomials of orders or changing the receiving apertures, but which involves great and complex calculation. Therefore, in the specific application of the laser communication system, the best experimental program should be considered. Statistical properties of atmospheric turbulence phase can be described by the phase structure function. Therefore, the structure of the function will be used to determine the phase screen simulation phase screen is accurate. To give a better understanding of both methods the difference between simulation results, the simulation results of Zernike polynomials and power spectral inversion simulation results were compared. At last to give the corresponding power spectrum inversion method to simulate atmospheric turbulence phase screen simulation results and shows that the theory without making the introduction.
The blood vessels only in Human eye retinal can be observed directly. Many diseases that are not obvious in their early
symptom can be diagnosed through observing the changes of distal micro blood vessel. In order to obtain the high
resolution human retinal images,an adaptive optical system for correcting the aberration of the human eye was designed
by using the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor and the Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator(LCLSM) .For a subject
eye with 8m-1 (8D)myopia, the wavefront error is reduced to 0.084 λ PV and 0.12 λRMS after adaptive optics(AO)
correction ,which has reached diffraction limit.The results show that the LCLSM based AO system has the ability of
correcting the aberration of the human eye efficiently,and making the blurred photoreceptor cell to clearly image on a
CCD camera.
With the rapid development of modern science and technology in
astronomical imaging, optical communications, optical radar, optical
information processing, high-precision ranging, tracking, guidance, and
remote sensing, light waves propagating in the medium, especially in the
turbulent atmosphere spread more and more important. Atmospheric
turbulence is one of the main factors which have influence on the
performance of a laser communication system. Adaptive optics technology
is an important means to solve the problem of atmospheric turbulence. This
paper states how adaptive optics technique can be used in space laser
communication system to compensate atmospheric turbulence when laser beam
transmission through it. The core content of adaptive optics is correct
laser beam wave-front disturbance in real-time,with it to enhance optical
system imaging quality and the next aim is reach the level of diffraction
limitation. Adaptive optics system consists of wave-front detection,
wave-front control and wave-front correction . The demo platform
including: atmospheric turbulence simulation unit、adaptive correction
unit、signal transmitting and receiving unit. Liquid crystal spatial light
modulator applications in adaptive optics system and the turbulence
simulation system introduced. And used zernike polynomials method to
produce atmospheric turbulence phase screen simulation analysis.
Simulation results show that: in the low spatial frequency components,
the atmospheric turbulence phase screen generated by Zernike polynomial
method consistent with the theoretical values, but in the high spatial
frequency components, the simulation results with large difference
between the theoretical values. In addition, the simulation results also
show that: we can change the distribution of turbulence in the atmospheric turbulence phase screen by increasing the Zernike polynomials of orders
or change the receiving apertures, but to calculate the large calculate
the complex and other shortcomings. If adaptive optics technique can be
applied in space laser communication system and is proved by practice,
must make a space laser communication system performance has greatly
improved.
KEYWORDS: Clocks, Laser communications, Signal processing, Power supplies, Reliability, Telecommunications, Oscillators, Voltage controlled current source, Aerospace engineering, Imaging systems
Space laser communication is moving in a wider
bandwidth, greater distances, is more accurate and more narrow laser
communication beam direction, faster bandwidth as well as
communication interface chip high-speed clock more demanding
requirements of the low frequency noise, and good reliability, small
size and low power consumption characteristics. Production of
ADI's ADF4350 integrated voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)
bandwidth frequency synthesizer just to meet this requirement clock
frequency This paper describes the basic principles and operating
characteristics of the broadband frequency synthesizer. In this paper
we use CPLD to control the ADF4350 and give a control electric
circuit with CPLD structure and based on Verilog program.
Simulation and experimental results show that the lock-in effect is
good, easy to control, and reliable performance. It is able to generate
stable clock, suitable for applications in laser communication.
With the development of optical fiber communications, especially
the maturity of the optical amplifiers and the WDM technology, space optical
communication at 1550 nm becomes a promising solution for future high
speed satellite communication. Receiving technology with optical amplifiers
and coupling space light into single mode fiber are key technologies in space
optical communication at 1550 nm. Free-space-to-fiber coupling technique
investigated in this paper is the first challenge of applying fiber communication
techniques to free space optical communications. We analyzed the factors
that affect the efficiency of free-space-to single-mode-fiber coupling based on
mode-matching theory of electromagnetic fields. On this objective, in this
paper, the theoretical analysis of the effect of atmospheric turbulence on the
space light-single mode fiber coupling efficiency is discussed. On this basis,
the short-distance experiment coupling space light into single mode fiber is
carried out.
1. The main factors affecting the process coupling space light into single
mode fiber are analyzed. This paper introduced the statistical theory of
atmospheric turbulence and gave out the main turbulence parameters and
meteyard based on the theory of the space light-single mode fiber coupling
efficiency under ideal conditions.
2. The influence of atmospheric turbulence on the space light-single mode
fiber coupling efficiency is analyzed and simulated. In the weak turbulence
condition, mathematical model of the mean coupling efficiency and its
fluctuation variance was given. And the fluctuation variance of coupling
efficiency was simulated studied under the atmospheric conditions. The
influences on the average coupling efficiency was theoretically studied, which
were induced by the structure constant of atmospheric refractive index, the
diameter of coupling lens and the single-mode fiber mode field radius.
3. Validating the theoretical model by a experiment under a short link coupling
condition.
The results of this paper lay the theoretical and experimental foundation for
indeed establishing the efficient space light-single mode fiber coupling
systems.
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